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to slay a man

  • 1 slay

    'Slay' is used to denote killing by striking with any weapon whatever; but we never say a man is 'slain' by poison, by drowning, or by burning. This distinction proceeds from the original signification of 'slay', which was to 'strike'. ( Noah Webster) (OE 'slean' — to strike, slay)

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > slay

  • 2 slay

    'Slay' is used to denote killing by striking with any weapon whatever; but we never say a man is 'slain' by poison, by drowning, or by burning. This distinction proceeds from the original signification of 'slay', which was to 'strike'. ( Noah Webster) (OE 'slean' -- to strike, slay)

    Русско-английский словарь механических и общенаучных терминов > slay

  • 3 VEGA

    * * *
    (veg; vá, vágum; veginn), v.
    1) to lift (hann vegr heyit upp á herðar sé); v. e-n á bál, to lift one on the funeral fire; v. e-n ór skógi, to inlaw one;
    2) to weigh (verðum vér at leita at skálum, ok v. hringinn); fig., skal yðr engi vera traustari vin, þott þér vegit þat lífit, though ye esteem it little;
    3) to weigh, be of weikht (hvert haglkorn vá eyri);
    4) to fence, fight (smite) with a weapon (hann vá svá skjótt með sverði, at þrú þóttu á lopti at sjá);
    5) v. at e-m, to attack one, fight against one (ungr skal at ungum vega);
    6) to gain by fighting; v. sigr, to gain the victory; v. sigr á e-m, to overcome, beat, vanquish; v. til landa, to win land weapon in hand;
    7) to smite, slay, kill; v. mann, v. víg, to slay a man;
    8) refl., þat sverð, er sjálft mun vegast, the sword that will fight of itseff; vást meirr á hlut Grikkja, the Greeks lost more men; recipr., vegast, to slay one another.
    * * *
    pres. veg; pret. vá, vátt, vá (later vó); subj. vægi; part. veginn; with neg. suff. vegr-a, Hm. 10. In N. G. L. it is often spelt with i, viga, vigr, viginn: [Goth. wigan is supposed from ga-wigan = σαλεύειν, Luke vi. 38; O. H. G. wegan; Germ. wägen; cp. Lat. vehere; Goth. and A. S. wagjan, and Engl. wag and weigh, in the phrase ‘to weigh anchor,’ are derivatives]:—prop. to move, carry, lift, as by a lever; hann vegr heyit upp á herðar sér, Fb. i. 523; vágu þeir upp með (forkinum) bálit, Fms. vi. 405; hann vegr hann upp (á atgeirinum), Nj. 84; þeir höfðu til vegr (i. e. vögur) ok vágu skútuna fram af berginu, Fms. viii. 430; þerra hey sín en eigi á brott at vega eðr færa, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 107; öngullinn vá í góminn, Edda 36; en er lokit var at sjóða vá Narfi upp mörbjúga, Korm. 34: vega á bál, to lift on the bale fire, Vtkv.; vágum ór skógi þanns vildum syknan, Am. 97; var ek þrimr verum vegin at húsi, Gh. 10; vegnest verra vegra hann velli at, Hm. 10.
    II. to weigh; vega þeir haglkomin … ok vágu þeir í skálum, Fms. xi. 143; vá Halli sér þá þrjár merkr, vi. 372; þat er vegit sem reitt er, Sd. 155; eyrir veginn, Grág.; sex merkr vegnar, Orkn.; þrjá penninga silfrs vegna, Hkr. i. 185; mörk vegin brends silfrs, and so passim; virðr ok veginn, Grág. ii. 369; hann lét vega allan borðbúnað sinn, Fms. x. 147: metaph., skal yðr engi vera traustari vin, þótt þér vegið þat lítið, though ye find it light, ix. 297, passim.
    III. neut. to weigh, be of weight; sjám hvat vegi sjóðr sá, Ld. 30; hvert haglkorn vá eyri, Fms. i. 175; vega hálfa mörk, ii. 80; er sagt at eyri vægi hvert haglkorn, xi. 142; þótt þat vegi meirr enn hálfa vætt, Grág. (Kb.) i. 24, Bs. i. 874: metaph., skal ek allan hug á leggja ef þat vegr nökkut, Ó. H. 53; nema yðr þykki minna vega mín reiði, Fms. vii. 141; mér vegr þat lítið, Mag. 11.
    IV. reflex., í öllu sem vegask má með stórum vágum ok smám, K. Á. 204, freq.
    2. to yield in weight; það vegst vel, or það hefir vegist so and so, it has been of such and such weight.
    B. [The Goth. has here a separate strong verb, but in the Icel. both verbs have been amalgamated into one; Ulf. weigan, waih, wigun, = μαχειν; A. S. wigan; cp. víg]. to fence, fight with a weapon; tók sverðit ok atgeirinn ok vegr með báðum höndum, Nj. 96; hana vá svá skjótt með sverði, at þrjú þóttu á lopti at sjá, 29; eiga þeir at vega upp yfir höfuð sér, Fms. x. 360; vega með vápnum, to report to arms, Nj. 139; vega at e-m, to fight against; Þjálfi vá at Mökkur-kálfa ok féll hann, Edda 58.
    2. to attack with a weapon, Nj. 63, Grág. ii. 156; hann vaknaði fyrst er menn vágn at honum, Fms. vii. 333; ungr skal at ungum vega, Ísl. ii. 309; vega at flugdreka, Nj. 183.
    II. to fight; vega sigr, to gain the day, Fms. viii. 133, Bret. 66; með vápnum má sigr vega, Al. 83; hamingju at vega sigr a sínum úvinum. Fms. i. 218; ást Guðs vá sigr á ( overcame) líkams píslum ok hræzlu, Greg. 21; vega til landa, to win land weapon in hand, Korm.; slíkt sem vér höfum til vegit, gained, Fms. viii. 92.
    2. with dat. to forfeit, = fyrir vega, vega landi ok lausum eyri, Hkr. ii. 384; ef hann félli á hólmi þá hefði hann vegit allri eigu sinni, Eg. 495.
    III. to smite, slay, slaughter; ef maðr vegr mann, ok varðar þat skóggang, Grág. (Kb.) i. 145; vega á veittar trygðir, Ísl. ii. 491; vega víg, ek hefi vegit víg eitt, Nj. 128, passim; vega í enn sama knérunn, 85; víg þá er þat er vegit, Grág. ii. 89; vegin sök. = víg sök, 20, 41; vega mann or menn, passim; í Hólmgarði var svá mikil friðhelgi, at drepa skyldi hvern er mann údæmdan vá, Fms. i. 80; Kolskeggr vá drúgum menn, … vegr Gunnarr drjúgum menn, Nj. 96, 108; Þorsteinn vá hann þar, Eg. 713; ek vá hann, Nj. 28; þú sitr hjá, en nú er veginn Egill húsbóndi þinn, 97; ef hann er með vápum veginn, 146; hræðisk eigi þá sem líkamann vega, Blas. 48 (Mark x. 28); þú skalt ekki mann vega, the Sixth Commandment.
    IV. reflex., ok þat sverð er sjálft vegizk, a sword that fences of itself, Skm. 8, 9; þat [sverðit] vásk sjálft, Edda; vásk meirr á hlut Grikkja. the battle went against the Greeks, they lost the more men, Bret. 74; þá verðr um rætt at mjök hefði á vegizk þeirra lið Sunnan-manna, Ísl. ii. 389 (á-víga); at þegar hafi vegizk á þinn her, Stj. 531.
    2. recipr., vegask or vegask at, to fight, slay one another; nú vegask menn at, N. G. L. i. 64; ef þrælar manna vegask, Grág. (Kb.) i. 191; þá vágusk skógar-menn sjálfir, Landn. 323 (App.); miklu eru þrælar atgörða-meiri enn fyrr hafa verit, þeir flugusk þá á, en nú vilja þeir vegask, Nj. 56; nú eru konur þær sjau, er maðr má vegask um sektalaust við konung, N. G. L. i. 169.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VEGA

  • 4 MORÐ

    n. murder (kallið þér þat eigi m., at drepa menn um nætr?).
    * * *
    n. [Ulf. maurþr = φόνος; A. S. morð and morðar; Engl. murther, murder; Germ. and Dan. mord; cp. Lat. mort-is]:—a murder, Fær. 187; in ancient times murder (morð) and manslaughter (víg) are distinguished; if the killer, after the deed, had immediately, at the next or at least at the third house, confessed what he had done (lýsa vígi, víg-lýsing, N. G. L. i. 6l), the deed was manslaughter (víg), and the doer was liable to indictment according to the law, but the deed might, with the consent of the prosecutors and relations of the slain, be atoned by weregild. On the other hand, if the víg-lýsing either did not take place or was stealthily performed (Glúm. ch. 27), the deed was murder; and the killer was called morð-vargr, and was out of the pale of the law; en þat er morð ef maðr leynir eða hylr hræ ok gengr eigi í gegn, Grág. (Kb.) i. 154; drepa mann á morð, N. G. L. i. 158; hence the phrase to kill a man and then murder him, i. e. conceal the deed. In one instance the distinction is made threefold, viz. víg, laun-víg, and morð, i. e. laun-víg or secret manslaughter, if no víg-lýsing took place, but the perpetrator left the weapon in the wound or some other evidence that he was the culprit, en þat vóru kölluð launvíg en ekki morð, er menn létu vápn eptir í beninni standa, Gísl. 22. To slay a man asleep or feloniously was also called morð; so also to put a man to death during the night, nátt-víg eru morð-víg, Eg. 417; kallit ér þat eigi morð-verk at drepa menn um nætr? Ó. H. 117; heiti þat níðings verk eða morð ef menn drepask um nætr, Fms. vii. 296: burying alive also was morð, K. Þ. K. 26, passim. For the formula of the víg-lýsing see Grág. Vsl. ch. 20. In poets morð is used = slaughter, thus, morð-álfr, -bráðr, -heggr, etc. = warriors; morð-bál, -linnr, -röðull, -ský, etc. = weapons, Lex. Poët.
    COMPDS: morðseiðr, morðför, morðgjarn, morðgyðja, morðjárn, morðráð, morðvargr, morðverk, morðvíg.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MORÐ

  • 5 VÉ

    I)
    n.
    1) mansion, house; byggja vé goða, to dwell in the homes of the gods;
    2) temple, sanctuary (vega víg í véum).
    n. pl. standard (poet.).
    * * *
    n. [a form vés would answer to Ulf. weihs or wehs, n. = κώμη, ἀγρός; Hel. uuih = templum; the identity of this word with the Lat. vicus and Gr. οικος is indubitable, the abbreviation being analogous to fé and pecu; whereas Goth. weihs = holy is prop. a different root word, see vígja; for the double sense of Lat. aedes and templum does not depend on the etymology, but is analogous to what has taken place in the word hof, q. v.]
    A. A mansion, house, Lat. aedes, this is the original sense, then a sanctuary, temple, cp. hof; til vés heilags, to the holy mansion, Hdl. 1; alda vé, the home of men, i. e. the earth, Hm. 107; Út-vé, Üt-garðr, the outer-mansion, of the outskirt of the earth, where the giants live, Þd.; ginnunga vé, the mansion of the gods, the heavens, Haustl. 15; byggja vé goða, to dwell in the homes of the gods, Vþm. 51; hapta vé, the places of gods = holy places, Vellekla; vé mána, the moon’s mansion, i. e. the heavens, Edda i. 330 (in a verse); valda véum, to rule house, dwell, reside, Gm. 13; svá mikils virðu goðin vé sín ok griða-staði, at eigi vildu þau saurga þá með blóði úlfsins, Edda 20; öll Vandils-vé, the land of V., Hkv. 2. 33: allit., vé ok vangr, frá mínum véum ok vöngum skolu þér æ jafnan köld ráð koma (sec vangr), Ls. 51.
    II. a temple; öll vé banda, all the temples of the gods, and hapta vé, id., Vellekla; granda véum, to violate the temples, Hkr. i. (in a verse); vés valdr, the lord of the vé, i. e. lord of the county, or = temple-lord (?), an epithet applied to the Earl Sigurd, Kormak.
    2. the law phrase, vega víg í véum, to slay a man in a sanctuary (a temple, an assembly, or the like); hann vá víg í véum ok varð útlægr, Landn. 80; Özurr vá víg í véum á Upplöndum, þá er hann váf í brúðför með Sigurði hrisa, fyrir þat varð hann landflótti til Íslands, 304; Erpr lútandi vá víg í véum ok var ætlaðr til dráps, Skáldatal 252; vargr í véum (see vargr), Fms. xi. 40; Eyvindr hafði vegit í véum ok var hann vargr orðinn, Eg. 259: also in the obscure passage, Grág., Þ.Þ. ch. 24, ‘um vés úti,’ perh. ‘um vés útan,’ = outside the court, absent from court, of a judge prevented through sickness from being in his place in court, Grág. (Kb.) i. 76, l. 3.
    B. Vé, in local names, Vé-björg = Vi-borg in Denmark, Fms.; Vis-torf, Thork. Dipl.: Véar, f. pl. (like Torgar, Nesjar), Munch’s Norg. Beskriv.: Vé-ey, an island in Romsdal in Norway, Edda ii. 492; Óðins-vé = Odense in Funen in Denmark, Fms. xi. (never in Icel. local names): freq. in mod. Dan. and Swed. local names, Vi-um, Vi-bæí, Vi-lund, Vis-by.
    II. in names of persons, either from vé = aedes or from vé = Goth. weihs = holy, thus, e. g. Vé-laug may be = Heim-laug, which name also occurs: Vé-geirr (hann var kallaðr Végeirr því at hann var blótmaðr mikill), Landn. 149: Vé-gestr, Vé-dís, Vé-mundr (all these names in the same family), Landn.; as also, Vé-garðr, Vé-kell, Vé-brandr, Vé-freyðr, Vé-laug, Vé-leifr, Vé-ný, id.: or as in Véþ-ormr, Véþ-orn; cp. Widu-ric, Widu-kind, Wodu-rid, and other similar old Teut. pr. names.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VÉ

  • 6 manslayer

    man.slay.er
    [m'ænsleiə] n Jur homicida involuntário.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > manslayer

  • 7 matar

    v.
    lo mataron a puñaladas he was stabbed to death
    ¡me vas a matar a disgustos! you'll be the death of me!
    estar o llevarse a matar (con alguien) to be at daggers drawn (with somebody)
    El pillo ultima a sus víctimas The bandit executes his victims.
    2 to slaughter (animal) (para consumo).
    3 to tone down (apagar) (color).
    4 to round (off).
    * * *
    1 (persona - gen) to kill; (- asesinar) to murder
    2 (animal - gen) to kill; (- para alimentación) to slaughter
    3 familiar (sorprender) to have on, kid
    ■ ¿que se ha fugado? ¡no me mates! he ran away? you're having me on!
    4 familiar (incomodar, causar dolor) to kill; (volver loco) to drive mad
    5 (dejar pasmado) to amaze, stun
    6 (pasar) to kill
    ■ mientras, voy a matar el tiempo dando una vuelta meanwhile, I'll go for a walk just to kill time
    7 (satisfacer - sed) to quench; (- hambre) to stay, stave off
    10 (limar - arista, esquina) to round
    11 (suavizar - color) to tone down
    12 argot (porro, cigarrillo) to stub out
    1 (involuntariamente) to die; (voluntariamente) to kill oneself
    \
    llevarse a matar con alguien to be at daggers drawn with somebody
    matarlas callando to be a wolf in a sheep's clothing
    matarse a trabajar to work oneself to death
    que me maten si... I'll be damned if...
    * * *
    verb
    2) butcher, slaughter
    3) pass, waste
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ persona] to kill; [+ reses, ganado] to kill, slaughter

    que me maten si... — I'll be damned if...

    - entre todos la mataron y ella sola se murió
    2) [+ tiempo, pelota] to kill; [+ sed] to quench; [+ sello] to postmark, cancel; [+ pieza] [en ajedrez] to take; [+ cal] to slake; [+ ángulo, borde] to file down; [+ color] to dull
    3) * (=molestar)
    4) * (=sorprender)

    ¿se van a casar? ¡me has matado! — they're getting married? you're kidding! *

    2.

    no matarás — (Rel) thou shalt not kill

    entrar a matar — (Taur) to go in for the kill

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < persona> to kill; < reses> to slaughter

    entrar a matar — (Taur) to go in for the kill

    entre todos la mataron (y ella sola se murió) — (fr hecha) they are all to blame

    matarlas — (Chi fam) to blow it (colloq)

    es para matarlos — I could murder o kill them (colloq)

    me mataste, no tengo ni idea! — (fam) you've really got me there, I haven't a clue! (colloq)

    2) (fam) < sed> to quench; < tiempo> to kill
    3)
    a) < pelota> to kill
    b) < carta> to cover
    2.
    matar vi ( causar muerte) to kill

    estar or llevarse a matar — to be at daggers drawn

    3.
    matarse v pron
    1)
    b) (refl) ( suicidarse) to kill oneself
    2) (fam)

    me maté estudiando or (Esp) a estudiar — I studied like crazy o mad (colloq)

    b) (Méx fam) ( para un examen) to cram (colloq), to swot (BrE colloq)
    * * *
    = do in, kill, murder, massacre, slaughter, slay.
    Ex. When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.
    Ex. He was looking for the book 'Flowers and Bullets and Freedom to kill' = Estaba buscando el libro "Flores, balas y libertad para matar".
    Ex. The man who was the real-life Don Juan may not have been murdered for his acts of seduction but for his possible homosexuality and political subversiveness.
    Ex. In the 1994 Rwandan genocide, 800,000 people were massacred.
    Ex. These small small but very sharp flakes were used by hunters to slaughter animals.
    Ex. A bronze statue of David slaying Goliath has been unveiled in Florence today after months of painstaking restoration work.
    ----
    * Algo que se hace para matar el tiempo = time filler.
    * a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.
    * ansias de matar = bloodlust.
    * así me maten = for the life of me.
    * comer Algo para matar el gusanillo = eat + Comida + to keep + Nombre + going.
    * deseo de matar = bloodlust.
    * disparar a matar = shoot to + kill.
    * hay miradas que matan = if looks could kill....
    * incapaz de matar una mosca = wouldn't hurt a fly.
    * licencia para matar = licence to kill.
    * lo que a uno cura a otro mata = one man's meat is another man's poison.
    * máquina de matar = killing machine.
    * matar a alguien = take + life.
    * matar a cuchillazos = stab + Nombre + to death, knife + Nombre + to death.
    * matar a disparos = shoot + Nombre + dead.
    * matar al enemigo = take + no prisoners.
    * matar a palos = beat + Nombre + to death.
    * matar a puñaladas = stab + Nombre + to death, stab + Nombre + to death, knife + Nombre + to death.
    * matar con gas = gas.
    * matar con la mirada = look + daggers at.
    * matar de hambre = starve to + death.
    * matar de un disparo = shoot, fatally + shoot.
    * matar de un manotazo = swat.
    * matar el rato = hang around, hang about, pootle, dawdle.
    * matar el tiempo = kill + time.
    * matar indiscriminadamente = take + no prisoners.
    * matarlas callando = wolf in sheep's clothing.
    * matarse trabajando = work + Reflexivo + to death, work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * sed de matar = bloodlust.
    * si las miradas mataran... = if looks could kill....
    * tirar a matar = go for + the jugular, deadly force, shoot to + kill.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < persona> to kill; < reses> to slaughter

    entrar a matar — (Taur) to go in for the kill

    entre todos la mataron (y ella sola se murió) — (fr hecha) they are all to blame

    matarlas — (Chi fam) to blow it (colloq)

    es para matarlos — I could murder o kill them (colloq)

    me mataste, no tengo ni idea! — (fam) you've really got me there, I haven't a clue! (colloq)

    2) (fam) < sed> to quench; < tiempo> to kill
    3)
    a) < pelota> to kill
    b) < carta> to cover
    2.
    matar vi ( causar muerte) to kill

    estar or llevarse a matar — to be at daggers drawn

    3.
    matarse v pron
    1)
    b) (refl) ( suicidarse) to kill oneself
    2) (fam)

    me maté estudiando or (Esp) a estudiar — I studied like crazy o mad (colloq)

    b) (Méx fam) ( para un examen) to cram (colloq), to swot (BrE colloq)
    * * *
    = do in, kill, murder, massacre, slaughter, slay.

    Ex: When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.

    Ex: He was looking for the book 'Flowers and Bullets and Freedom to kill' = Estaba buscando el libro "Flores, balas y libertad para matar".
    Ex: The man who was the real-life Don Juan may not have been murdered for his acts of seduction but for his possible homosexuality and political subversiveness.
    Ex: In the 1994 Rwandan genocide, 800,000 people were massacred.
    Ex: These small small but very sharp flakes were used by hunters to slaughter animals.
    Ex: A bronze statue of David slaying Goliath has been unveiled in Florence today after months of painstaking restoration work.
    * Algo que se hace para matar el tiempo = time filler.
    * a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.
    * ansias de matar = bloodlust.
    * así me maten = for the life of me.
    * comer Algo para matar el gusanillo = eat + Comida + to keep + Nombre + going.
    * deseo de matar = bloodlust.
    * disparar a matar = shoot to + kill.
    * hay miradas que matan = if looks could kill....
    * incapaz de matar una mosca = wouldn't hurt a fly.
    * licencia para matar = licence to kill.
    * lo que a uno cura a otro mata = one man's meat is another man's poison.
    * máquina de matar = killing machine.
    * matar a alguien = take + life.
    * matar a cuchillazos = stab + Nombre + to death, knife + Nombre + to death.
    * matar a disparos = shoot + Nombre + dead.
    * matar al enemigo = take + no prisoners.
    * matar a palos = beat + Nombre + to death.
    * matar a puñaladas = stab + Nombre + to death, stab + Nombre + to death, knife + Nombre + to death.
    * matar con gas = gas.
    * matar con la mirada = look + daggers at.
    * matar de hambre = starve to + death.
    * matar de un disparo = shoot, fatally + shoot.
    * matar de un manotazo = swat.
    * matar el rato = hang around, hang about, pootle, dawdle.
    * matar el tiempo = kill + time.
    * matar indiscriminadamente = take + no prisoners.
    * matarlas callando = wolf in sheep's clothing.
    * matarse trabajando = work + Reflexivo + to death, work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * sed de matar = bloodlust.
    * si las miradas mataran... = if looks could kill....
    * tirar a matar = go for + the jugular, deadly force, shoot to + kill.

    * * *
    matar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹persona› to kill; ‹reses› to slaughter
    lo mataron a golpes they beat him to death
    lo mató con un cuchillo she stabbed him to death
    lo mató un coche he was run over and killed by a car
    hubo que matar al caballo the horse had to be put down o destroyed
    entrar a matar ( Taur) to go in for the kill
    la vida que llevas acabará matándote you're going to kill yourself with the sort of life you're leading
    así me maten or que me maten si no es verdad lo que digo may God strike me dead if I speak a word of a lie
    las mata callando he's a wolf in sheep's clothing
    matarlas ( Chi fam); to blow it ( colloq)
    2
    (en sentido hiperbólico): pobre de tu madre, la vas a matar a disgustos your poor mother, you'll be the death of her
    es para matarlos, me hicieron esperar dos horas I could murder o kill them, they kept me waiting for two hours ( colloq)
    en el colegio nos matan de or ( AmL) a hambre they starve us at school
    cuando se entere me mata she'll kill me when she finds out ( colloq)
    me mata tener que levantarme a estas horas it kills me having to get up at this time ( colloq)
    ¡me mataste, no tengo ni idea! ( fam); you've really got me there, I haven't a clue! ( colloq)
    ¿sabes que le dieron el puesto a Rodríguez? — ¡no me mates! ( fam); you know they gave Rodríguez the job? — you're kidding! ( colloq)
    estos zapatos me matan these shoes are killing me!
    B ( fam); ‹sed› to quench
    compraron fruta para matar el hambre they bought some fruit to keep them going o to take the edge off their appetite
    para matar el tiempo to kill time
    C
    1 ‹pelota› to kill
    2 ‹carta› to cover
    ■ matar
    vi
    1 (causar muerte) to kill
    no matarás ( Bib) thou shalt not kill
    hay miradas que matan if looks could kill
    estar or llevarse a matar to be at daggers drawn
    2
    ( RPl fam) «vestido/escote»: un escote que mata a sensational low neckline
    mataba con ese vestido she looked stunning o ( colloq) a knockout in that dress
    A
    1
    (morir violentamente): se mató en un accidente she was killed in an accident
    al bajar del tren casi me mato I almost got killed getting off the train
    2 ( refl) (suicidarse) to kill oneself
    se mató de un tiro she shot herself
    B
    1 ( fam)
    (esforzarse): me maté estudiando or ( Esp) a estudiar y no aprobé I studied like crazy o mad and still didn't pass ( colloq)
    no hace falta que te mates haciéndolo there's no need to go crazy o to go mad o to kill yourself ( colloq)
    2
    ( Méx fam) «estudiante»: matarse en algo to cram sth ( colloq), to swot up (on) sth ( BrE colloq)
    * * *

     

    matar ( conjugate matar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹ persona› to kill

    b) ( sacrificar) ‹perro/caballo› to put down, destroy;

    ‹ reses› to slaughter;



    es para matarlos I could murder o kill them (colloq);
    nos mataban de hambre they used to starve us;
    estos zapatos me están matando these shoes are killing me!
    2 (fam) ‹ sed› to quench;
    ‹ tiempo› to kill;

    verbo intransitivo
    to kill
    matarse verbo pronominal
    1




    2 (fam)
    a) ( esforzarse): me maté estudiando or (Esp) a estudiar I studied like crazy o mad (colloq)

    b) (Méx fam) ( para un examen) to cram (colloq), to swot (BrE colloq)

    matar verbo transitivo
    1 (a una persona) to kill
    (al ganado) to slaughter
    2 (el hambre, la sed, el tiempo) to kill
    3 (en exageraciones) el dolor de cabeza me está matando, my headache is killing me
    el ruido me mata, noise drives me mad
    4 (las aristas) to smooth
    5 (sello) to frank
    ' matar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acabar
    - pájaro
    - rematar
    - suerte
    - tiempo
    - apedrear
    - cargar
    - disparar
    - eliminar
    - liquidar
    - martirizar
    - matanza
    - quebrar
    - sangre
    - terminar
    - tirar
    - ultimar
    English:
    bird
    - butcher
    - club
    - dead
    - deliberate
    - destroy
    - do in
    - execute
    - gun down
    - kill
    - knock off
    - pants
    - put off
    - shoot
    - shoot down
    - slaughter
    - slay
    - time
    - trump
    - wrong
    - cut
    - finish
    - murder
    - strike
    - swat
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [quitar la vida a] to kill;
    [animal] [para consumo] to slaughter;
    lo mató un rayo he was struck by lightning and killed;
    lo mató un tren he died after being hit by a train;
    lo mató de una puñalada/de un tiro en el corazón she killed him with a single stab/shot to the heart;
    en este comedor nos matan de hambre the portions are terribly small in this canteen;
    lo mataron a puñaladas they stabbed him to death, he was stabbed to death;
    lo mataron a tiros they shot him (dead), he was shot (dead);
    el alcohol la está matando alcohol is killing her;
    Fam Fig
    como descubra al responsable, lo mato if I find out who's responsible I'll kill him;
    Fam Fig
    si se entera me mata she'll kill me if she finds out;
    Fam Fig
    es para matarte que no sepas eso you ought to be ashamed of yourself not knowing a thing like that;
    matar dos pájaros de un tiro to kill two birds with one stone;
    estar o [m5] llevarse a matar (con alguien) to be at daggers drawn (with sb);
    Fam
    matarlas callando [tramar algo] to be up to something on the quiet;
    [obrar con hipocresía] to be a wolf in sheep's clothing; Fam
    que me maten si: que me maten si lo entiendo I'm damned if I can understand it;
    que me maten si no ocurrió así I swear to God that's what happened
    2. [hacer sufrir, molestar mucho]
    ¡me vais a matar a disgustos! you'll be the death of me!;
    ¡este calor/dolor me mata! the heat/pain is killing me!;
    ¡estos zapatos me están matando! these shoes are killing me!;
    me matas con esas tonterías que dices you're driving me mad with all the nonsense you talk!
    3. [apagar, hacer pasar] [color] to tone down;
    [sed] to quench; [fuego] to put out; [cal] to slake;
    mato las horas o [m5] el tiempo viendo la televisión I kill time watching television;
    tomaré unas galletas para matar el hambre o [m5] el gusanillo I'll have some Br biscuits o US cookies to keep me going
    4. [redondear, limar] to round (off)
    5. [en juegos] [carta] to beat, to top;
    [ficha, pieza de ajedrez] to take, to capture
    6. Fam [destrozar, estropear] to ruin;
    no quisiera matar sus ilusiones I don't want to dash your hopes;
    el salón es bonito, pero ese cuadro lo mata the living-room is nice, but that picture totally ruins it
    ♦ vi
    to kill;
    no matarás [mandamiento] thou shalt not kill;
    hay amores que matan you can love somebody too much;
    hay miradas que matan if looks could kill;
    RP Fam
    que mata: tiene un olor que mata it smells disgusting;
    con esa mini quedás que matás you look drop-dead gorgeous in that miniskirt
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 persona, tiempo kill;
    matar a tiros shoot dead, shoot to death;
    matarlas callando fam be a wolf in sheep’s clothing
    2 ganado slaughter
    3 hambre satisfy; sed quench, slake
    II v/i kill;
    no matarás thou shalt not kill;
    estar a matar con alguien be at daggers drawn with s.o.
    * * *
    matar vt
    1) : to kill
    2) : to slaughter, to butcher
    3) apagar: to extinguish, to put out (fire, light)
    4) : to tone down (colors)
    5) : to pass, to waste (time)
    6) : to trump (in card games)
    matar vi
    : to kill
    * * *
    matar vb to kill

    Spanish-English dictionary > matar

  • 8 asesinar

    v.
    1 to murder (person).
    La mafia liquida a sus enemigos The Mafia liquidates its enemies.
    2 to kill.
    * * *
    1 to kill, murder
    2 (magnicidio) to assassinate
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=matar) to murder; (Pol) to assassinate
    2) (=molestar) to pester, plague to death, pester the life out of *
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to murder; ( por razones políticas) to assassinate
    * * *
    = kill, murder, assassinate, slay, slaughter.
    Ex. He was looking for the book 'Flowers and Bullets and Freedom to kill' = Estaba buscando el libro "Flores, balas y libertad para matar".
    Ex. The man who was the real-life Don Juan may not have been murdered for his acts of seduction but for his possible homosexuality and political subversiveness.
    Ex. The verdict in the Oxford case was the result of limitations in the law of high treason combined with the absence of hard evidence that Oxford actually intended to assassinate the Queen.
    Ex. A bronze statue of David slaying Goliath has been unveiled in Florence today after months of painstaking restoration work.
    Ex. These small small but very sharp flakes were used by hunters to slaughter animals.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to murder; ( por razones políticas) to assassinate
    * * *
    = kill, murder, assassinate, slay, slaughter.

    Ex: He was looking for the book 'Flowers and Bullets and Freedom to kill' = Estaba buscando el libro "Flores, balas y libertad para matar".

    Ex: The man who was the real-life Don Juan may not have been murdered for his acts of seduction but for his possible homosexuality and political subversiveness.
    Ex: The verdict in the Oxford case was the result of limitations in the law of high treason combined with the absence of hard evidence that Oxford actually intended to assassinate the Queen.
    Ex: A bronze statue of David slaying Goliath has been unveiled in Florence today after months of painstaking restoration work.
    Ex: These small small but very sharp flakes were used by hunters to slaughter animals.

    * * *
    asesinar [A1 ]
    vt
    to murder; (por razones políticas) to assassinate
    la víctima fue asesinada a sangre fría the victim was murdered in cold blood
    la adaptación asesina la obra de Lorca the adaptation mutilates o butchers Lorca's play
    * * *

    asesinar ( conjugate asesinar) verbo transitivo
    to murder;
    ( por razones políticas) to assassinate
    asesinar verbo transitivo to murder
    (perpetrar un magnicidio) to assassinate
    En general, la acción (verbo) y el hecho (sustantivo) son murder, mientras a la persona la llamamos murderer. Sin embargo, cuando nos referimos al magnicidio, la acción es assassinate, el hecho es assassination y la persona es assassin.
    ' asesinar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cargarse
    - cepillarse
    - ejecutar
    - escabechar
    - liquidar
    - magnicida
    - magnicidio
    - ultimar
    English:
    assassin
    - assassinate
    - assassination
    - conspire
    - do away with
    - murder
    - slay
    * * *
    [persona] to murder; [rey, jefe de Estado] to assassinate; Fam [canción, obra teatral] to murder;
    lo asesinaron a sangre fría he was murdered in cold blood
    * * *
    v/t murder; POL assassinate
    * * *
    1) : to murder
    2) : to assassinate
    * * *
    asesinar vb to murder

    Spanish-English dictionary > asesinar

  • 9 FELLA

    * * *
    I)
    (-da, -dr), v.
    1) to fell, make fall; fella víð, to fell timber; fella segl, to take down sails;
    2) to kill, slay (in battle); fella e-n frá landi, to slay or dethrone (a king); fella fénað sinn, to lose one’s sheep or cattle from cold or hunger;
    3) to cause to cease, abolish (fella blót ok blótdrykkjur); fella rœðu sína, to close one’s speech; fella niðr, to put an end to, abandon, give up (fella niðr þann átrúnað);
    4) fella heitstrenging á sik, to bring down on one’s head the curse of a broken vow;
    5) to tongue and groove, to fit; fella stokk á horn, to put a board on the horns of a savage bull;
    6) fig., fella ást (hug) til e-s, to turn one’s mind (love) towards one, to fall in love with; fella bœn at e-m, to address prayer to one, to beg of one; fella sik við e-t, to fit oneself to a thing: fella sik mjök við umrœðuna, to take a warm parl in the debate.
    f.
    1) framework, a framed board;
    * * *
    d, a weak causal verb, answering to the strong neuter form falla; [absent in Goth.; A. S. fellan; Engl. fell; Germ. fällen; O. H. G. fallian; Swed. fälla; Dan. fælde.]
    A. [Answering to falla A], to fell, make fall; fella við, to fell timber, Fms. ii. 84; fella mann, to fell a man, defined in the law, Grág. Vsl. ch. 3, cp. ch. 31; fella tár, to let tears fall, Sighvat; fella mel-dropa, to let the drops fall, Vþm. 14; fella segl, to take down sails, Bárð. 14; fella jörð undir e-m, to make the earth slip under one (by means of sorcery), Bs. i. 12; fella vatn í fornan farveg, to make the stream flow in its old bed, Grág. ii. 281.
    2. to fell or slay, in battle, Eg. 80, 296, 495; Bróðir felldi Brján, Nj. 275; fella e-n frá landi, to slay or dethrone a king; hann hafði fellt hinn helga Ólaf konung frá landi, Orkn. 82; var felldr frá landi Haraldr Gráfeldr, H. Graycloak was slain, Fær. 38; síðan felldu þeir frá landi Hákon bróður minn, Fms. viii. 241, v. l.; fella her, val, etc., to make havoc, slaughter, (val-fall, strages), Lex. Poët.
    β. to lose sheep or cattle from cold or hunger (v. fellir); var vetr mikill ok felldu menn mjök fé sitt, Sturl. iii. 297.
    II. to make to cease, abolish; hann felldi blót ok blótdrykkjur, Fms. x. 393; f. niðr, to drop, put an end to, abandon; var hans villa svá niðr felld, Anecd. 98; þat felldi hann allt niðr, Fms. vii. 158; ef þú fellir niðr ( gives up) þann átrúnað, ii. 88: to drop a prosecution, a law term, at konungr mundi þetta mál ekki niðr fella, vii. 127 (cp. niðr-fall at sökum); fella ræðu sína, to close one’s speech, ix. 331; þar skal niðr f. þrjá-tigi nátta, there shall [ they] let drop thirty nights, i. e. thirty nights shall not be counted, Rb. 57; fella boð, f. herör, to drop the message, not let the arrow pass, N. G. L. i. 55, Gþl. 83 (vide boð, p. 71); fella skjót, to fail in supplying a vehicle, K. Á. 22.
    2. to lower, diminish; fella rétt manns, fella konungs sakar-eyri, Gþl. 185; hann skal fella hálfri mörk, [ they] shall lower it, i. e. the value shall be lowered by half a mark, Grág. ii. 180.
    3. the phrases, fella heitstrenging (eið) á sik, to bring down on one’s head the curse for a breach of faith (vow, oath, etc.), Hrafn. 8.
    4. fella hold af, to starve so that the flesh falls away, K. Á. 200, K. Þ. K. 130; hence fella af, absol. ellipt. to become lean, starved; cp. af-feldr: the phrase, f. blótspán, q. v., p. 71; fella dóm, to pass sentence, is mod., borrowed from Germ.
    B. [Answering to falla B], to join, fit:
    I. a joiner’s term, to frame, tongue and groove; fella innan kofann allan ok þilja, Bs. i. 194; felld súð, a framed board, wainscot, Fms. vi. (in a verse), hence fellisúð; fella stokk á horn, to put a board on the horns of a savage bull, Eb. 324; eru fastir viðir saman negldir, þó eigi sé vel felldir, the boards are fast when nailed together, they are not tongued and grooved, Skálda 192 (felling); fella stein í skörð, to fit a stone to the crevice, Róm. 247: metaph., fella lok á e-t, to bring to an end, prop. to fit a cover to it, Grág. i. 67: also a blacksmith’s term, fella járn, to work iron into bars, Þiðr. 79.
    II. metaph. in the phrases, fella ást, hug, skilning, etc., til e-s, to turn one’s love, mind, etc., towards one; fellim várn skilning til einskis af öllum þeim, Stj. 4; Geirmundr felldi hug til Þuríðar, G. fell in love with Th., Ld. 114; Þórðr bar eigi auðnu til at fellasvá mikla ást til Helgu, sem vera átti, i. e. they did not agree, Sturl. i. 194; fella bæn at e-m, to apply prayer to one, beg of him, Ísl. ii. 481; fella sik við e-t, to fit oneself to a thing; ek hefi byrjað þitt erindi, ok allan mik við fellt, and have done my best, 655 xxxii. 13; felldi Þorkell sik mjök við umræðuna, Th. took a warm part in the debate, Ld. 322; hence such phrases as, fella sig (eigi) við e-t, to take pleasure (or not) in a thing; fella saman orð sín, to make one’s words agree, Grág. i. 53: to appropriate, fellir hann með því dalinn sér til vistar, Sd. 137.
    III. part. felldr, as adj. = fallinn; svá felldr, so fitted, such; með svá felldum máta, in such a way, Rb. 248; vera vel (illa etc.) felldr til e-s, to be well ( ill) fitted for a thing, Fms. xi. 76; gamall ok þó ekki til felldr, Bs. i. 472, Fms. iii. 70; Hallgerðr kvað hann sér vel felldan til verkstjóra, H. said he was well fitted to be her steward, Nj. 57, v. l.: neut., þér er ekki fellt ( it is not fit for thee) at ganga á greipr mönnum Haralds, Fms. vi. 210; svá lízt oss sem slíkum málum sé vel fellt at svara, such cases are well worth consideration, Ld. 90; ekki héldu þeir vel lög þau nema þat er þeim þótti fellt, they observed not the rules except what seemed them fit, Hkr. i. 169; þeirrar stundar er honum þótti til fellt, the time that seemed him fit, Bs. i. 161: in many compds, geð-felldr, skap-f., hug-f., pleasant, agreeable; hag-felldr, practical; sí-felldr, continuous.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FELLA

  • 10 Ageless Stranger

    сущ.; имя собст.; SK, DT 1
    ••
    I. в старом издании Стрелка:

    “Who is your master?” / “I have never seen him, but you must. In order to reach the Tower you must reach this one first, the Ageless Stranger.” The man in black smiled spitelessly. “You must slay him, gunslinger…” — Я никогда его не видел, но тебе придётся с ним встретиться, чтобы достичь Башни, ты должен сначала встретиться с ним, Вечным Незнакомцем. – Человек в чёрном беззлобно улыбнулся. – Ты должен убить его, Стрелок. (ТБ 1)

    ••
    В разговоре Роланда с Уолтером, последний называет Вечного Незнакомца – Легион. Имя Мерлин не упоминается.

    “Who is your king?” / “I have never seen him, but you must. But before you meet him, you must first meet the Ageless Stranger.” The man in black smiled spitelessly. “You must slay him, gunslinger…” — Кто твой король? / – Я ни разу его не видел. Но ты увидишь. Но прежде чем встретиться с ним, сначала ты должен встретиться с Незнакомцем-вне-Времени. – Человек в черном беззлобно улыбнулся. – Ты должен будешь убить его, стрелок. (ТБ 1, r.)

    см. Legion

    English-Russian dictionary of neologisms from a series of books by Stephen King "Dark Tower" > Ageless Stranger

  • 11 romper

    v.
    1 to break.
    romper algo en pedazos to break/smash/tear something to pieces
    Eso rompe huesos That breaks bones.
    Su voz rompe el silencio His voice breaks the silence.
    2 to break.
    3 to break (empezar) (día).
    al romper el alba o día at daybreak
    romper a hacer algo to suddenly start doing something
    romper a llorar to burst into tears
    romper a reír to burst out laughing
    4 to break (olas).
    5 to wear out.
    6 to break (interrumpir) (monotonía, silencio, hábito).
    7 to break off.
    Su ira rompe nuestra amistad His anger breaks off our friendship.
    8 to tear, to tear up.
    Ellos rompieron los papeles They tore the papers.
    * * *
    (pp roto,-a)
    1 (gen) to break; (papel, tela) to tear; (cristal, loza) to smash, shatter
    2 (rajar, reventar) to split
    3 (gastar) to wear out
    4 (relaciones) to break off
    5 figurado (ley) to break, violate; (contrato) to break
    6 figurado (cerca, límite) to break through, break down
    7 (empezar) to initiate, begin
    8 figurado (interrumpir) to break, interrupt
    9 (mar, aire) to cleave
    1 (acabar - con algo) to break; (- con alguien) to split up, US break up
    2 (olas, día) to break
    3 (flores) to bloom, blossom
    4 romper a + inf figurado (empezar) to burst out
    5 romper en + sust figurado (prorrumpir) to burst into
    1 (gen) to break
    2 (papel, tela) to tear, rip
    3 (rajarse, reventarse) to split
    4 (desgastarse) to wear out
    5 (coche) to break down
    \
    de rompe y rasga familiar resolute, determined
    romper con alguien to quarrel with somebody, fall out with somebody
    romper el fuego MILITAR to open fire
    romper el hielo figurado to break the ice
    romperle la cara a alguien / romperle las narices a alguien familiar to smash somebody's face in
    romperse la cabeza (pensar) to rack one's brains 2 (herirse) to split one's head open
    romperse por la mitad to break in half, split in half
    * * *
    verb
    2) smash, shatter
    3) rip, tear
    •
    * * *
    (pp roto)
    1. VT
    1) (=partir, destrozar)
    a) [intencionadamente] [+ juguete, mueble, cuerda] to break; [+ rama] to break, break off; [+ vaso, jarrón, cristal] to break, smash
    b) (=rasgar) [+ tela, vestido, papel] to tear, rip

    ¡cuidado, que vas a romper las cortinas! — careful, you'll tear o rip the curtains!

    c) [por el uso] [+ zapatos, ropa] to wear out
    d) [+ barrera] (lit) to break down, break through; (fig) to break down
    e)

    romper aguas —

    - romper la cara a algn

    no haber roto un plato —

    de rompe y rasga —

    esquema, molde
    2) (=terminar) [+ equilibrio, silencio, maleficio, contrato] to break; [+ relaciones, amistad] to break off

    romper el servicio a algn — (Tenis) to break sb's service

    3) (Mil) [+ línea, cerco] to break, break through

    ¡rompan filas! — fall out!

    4) (Agr) [+ tierra] to break, break up
    5) Arg, Uru *** (=molestar) to piss off ***
    2. VI
    1) [olas] to break
    2) (=salir) [diente] to come through; [capullo, flor] to come out

    romper entre algo — to break through sth, burst through sth

    3) [alba, día] to break

    al romper el alba — at crack of dawn, at daybreak

    4) (=empezar)

    romper a hacer algo — to (suddenly) start doing sth, (suddenly) start to do sth

    5) (=separarse) [pareja, novios] to split up

    romper con — [+ novio, amante] to split up with, break up with; [+ amigo, familia] to fall out with; [+ aliado] to break off relations with; [+ tradición, costumbre, pasado] to break with; [+ imagen, tópico, leyenda] to break away from

    ha roto con su novio — she has broken o split up with her boyfriend

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <loza/mueble> to break; < ventana> to break, smash; <lápiz/cuerda> to break, snap
    b) < puerta> ( tirándola abajo) to break down; ( para que quede abierta) to break open
    c) <hoja/póster> ( rasgar) to tear; ( en varios pedazos) to tear up
    d) < camisa> to tear, split
    2)
    a) <silencio/monotonía> to break; < tranquilidad> to disturb
    b) <promesa/pacto> to break; <relaciones/compromiso> to break off
    2.
    romper vi
    1)
    a) olas to break
    b) (liter) alba to break; flores to open, burst open

    al romper el día — at daybreak, at the crack of dawn

    c) ( empezar)

    romper A + INF — to begin o start to + inf

    rompió a llorar/reír — she burst into tears/burst out laughing

    2) novios to break up, split up

    romper CON algn — con novio to split o break up with sb

    romper CON algo — con el pasado to break with sth; con tradición to break away from sth

    de rompe y rasga — < decidir> suddenly

    3.
    romperse verbo pronominal
    a) vaso/plato to break, smash, get broken o smashed; papel to tear, rip, get torn o ripped; televisor/ascensor (RPl) to break down
    b) pantalones/zapatos to wear out
    c) (refl) <brazo/pierna> to break
    * * *
    = break, break down, rupture, rip off, fracture, rip.
    Ex. The document arrangement adopted is often broken, in the sense that documents in libraries are rarely shelved in one single and self-evident sequence.
    Ex. It describes our experience in combatting mould which grew as a result of high humidity and temperatures when the air conditioning system broke down for several days after several days of rain.
    Ex. In conversing with her you hadn't got to tread lightly and warily, lest at any moment you might rupture the relationship, and tumble into eternal disgrace.
    Ex. Within the social sciences psychology journals are the most ripped off.
    Ex. He will miss a month after fracturing his hand in practice.
    Ex. He punched her in the head and forced her to another room where he pinned her to the floor and ripped her shirt trying to remove it.
    ----
    * algo que rompe la armonía = a blot on the landscape.
    * al romper el día = at the crack of dawn.
    * día + romper = day + break.
    * que no se rompe en mil pedazos = shatterproof.
    * que rompe la armonía = eyesore.
    * romper a carcajadas = break out with + laugh.
    * romper Algo en pedazos = tear + Nombre + to bits.
    * romper a reír = bubble over in + laugh, burst out + laughing, explode into + laughter.
    * romper barreras = break down + boundaries, break down + borders.
    * romper completamente = break off.
    * romper completamente con = make + a clean break with.
    * romper con = break out of, break through, step away from, break away from.
    * romper con la tradición = make + break with tradition, break with + tradition.
    * romper con una amenaza = slay + dragon.
    * romper el equilibrio = tip + the scales.
    * romper el hielo = break + the ice.
    * romper el molde tradicional = break out of + the traditional mould.
    * romper el silencio = break + the hush, break + silence, crack + the silence.
    * romper filas = break + ranks.
    * romper la barrera del sonido = break + the sound barrier.
    * romper la huelga = cross + the picket line.
    * romper la monotonía = relieve + monotony.
    * romper las barreras = breach + boundaries, breach + barriers.
    * romper las cadenas de la esclavitud = cast off + Posesivo + chains.
    * romper las ilusiones = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.
    * romper los esquemas = think out(side) + (of) the box.
    * romper los lazos con = sever + Posesivo + links with, sever + Posesivo + ties with, break + ties with.
    * romperse = snap off.
    * romperse el cuello = break + Posesivo + neck.
    * romperse la cabeza = puzzle + Reflexivo, scratch + Posesivo + head, rack + Posesivo + brains.
    * romper tajantemente con = make + a clean break with.
    * romper un acuerdo = sever + arrangement.
    * romper una lanza en favor de = stick up for.
    * romper una promesa = go back on, break + Posesivo + promise.
    * romper una relación = break off + relationship, sever + connection.
    * romper un lazo = sever + connection.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <loza/mueble> to break; < ventana> to break, smash; <lápiz/cuerda> to break, snap
    b) < puerta> ( tirándola abajo) to break down; ( para que quede abierta) to break open
    c) <hoja/póster> ( rasgar) to tear; ( en varios pedazos) to tear up
    d) < camisa> to tear, split
    2)
    a) <silencio/monotonía> to break; < tranquilidad> to disturb
    b) <promesa/pacto> to break; <relaciones/compromiso> to break off
    2.
    romper vi
    1)
    a) olas to break
    b) (liter) alba to break; flores to open, burst open

    al romper el día — at daybreak, at the crack of dawn

    c) ( empezar)

    romper A + INF — to begin o start to + inf

    rompió a llorar/reír — she burst into tears/burst out laughing

    2) novios to break up, split up

    romper CON algn — con novio to split o break up with sb

    romper CON algo — con el pasado to break with sth; con tradición to break away from sth

    de rompe y rasga — < decidir> suddenly

    3.
    romperse verbo pronominal
    a) vaso/plato to break, smash, get broken o smashed; papel to tear, rip, get torn o ripped; televisor/ascensor (RPl) to break down
    b) pantalones/zapatos to wear out
    c) (refl) <brazo/pierna> to break
    * * *
    = break, break down, rupture, rip off, fracture, rip.

    Ex: The document arrangement adopted is often broken, in the sense that documents in libraries are rarely shelved in one single and self-evident sequence.

    Ex: It describes our experience in combatting mould which grew as a result of high humidity and temperatures when the air conditioning system broke down for several days after several days of rain.
    Ex: In conversing with her you hadn't got to tread lightly and warily, lest at any moment you might rupture the relationship, and tumble into eternal disgrace.
    Ex: Within the social sciences psychology journals are the most ripped off.
    Ex: He will miss a month after fracturing his hand in practice.
    Ex: He punched her in the head and forced her to another room where he pinned her to the floor and ripped her shirt trying to remove it.
    * algo que rompe la armonía = a blot on the landscape.
    * al romper el día = at the crack of dawn.
    * día + romper = day + break.
    * que no se rompe en mil pedazos = shatterproof.
    * que rompe la armonía = eyesore.
    * romper a carcajadas = break out with + laugh.
    * romper Algo en pedazos = tear + Nombre + to bits.
    * romper a reír = bubble over in + laugh, burst out + laughing, explode into + laughter.
    * romper barreras = break down + boundaries, break down + borders.
    * romper completamente = break off.
    * romper completamente con = make + a clean break with.
    * romper con = break out of, break through, step away from, break away from.
    * romper con la tradición = make + break with tradition, break with + tradition.
    * romper con una amenaza = slay + dragon.
    * romper el equilibrio = tip + the scales.
    * romper el hielo = break + the ice.
    * romper el molde tradicional = break out of + the traditional mould.
    * romper el silencio = break + the hush, break + silence, crack + the silence.
    * romper filas = break + ranks.
    * romper la barrera del sonido = break + the sound barrier.
    * romper la huelga = cross + the picket line.
    * romper la monotonía = relieve + monotony.
    * romper las barreras = breach + boundaries, breach + barriers.
    * romper las cadenas de la esclavitud = cast off + Posesivo + chains.
    * romper las ilusiones = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.
    * romper los esquemas = think out(side) + (of) the box.
    * romper los lazos con = sever + Posesivo + links with, sever + Posesivo + ties with, break + ties with.
    * romperse = snap off.
    * romperse el cuello = break + Posesivo + neck.
    * romperse la cabeza = puzzle + Reflexivo, scratch + Posesivo + head, rack + Posesivo + brains.
    * romper tajantemente con = make + a clean break with.
    * romper un acuerdo = sever + arrangement.
    * romper una lanza en favor de = stick up for.
    * romper una promesa = go back on, break + Posesivo + promise.
    * romper una relación = break off + relationship, sever + connection.
    * romper un lazo = sever + connection.

    * * *
    romper [ E30 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹taza› to break; ‹ventana› to break, smash; ‹lápiz/cuerda› to break, snap; ‹juguete/radio/silla› to break
    2 ‹puerta› (tirándola abajo) to break down; (para que quede abierta) to break open
    3 ‹hoja/póster› (rasgar) to tear; (en varios pedazos) to tear up
    4 ‹camisa› to tear, split
    B
    1 ‹silencio/monotonía› to break; ‹tranquilidad› to disturb
    2 ‹promesa/pacto› to break; ‹relaciones/compromiso› to break off
    C
    1 ( fam) ‹servicio› (en tenis) to break
    2 ( esp AmL) ‹récord› to break
    ■ romper
    vi
    A
    1 «olas» to break
    2 ( liter); «alba/día» to break; «flores» to open, burst open, come out
    salimos al romper el día we left at daybreak o at the crack of dawn
    3
    (empezar): cuando rompa el hervor when it reaches boiling point, when it comes to the boil o starts to boil
    romper A + INF to begin o start to + INF
    rompió a llorar/reír she burst into tears/burst out laughing
    romper EN algo:
    romper en llanto to burst into tears
    romper en sollozos to break into sobs, start sobbing
    B «novios» to break up, split up romper CON algn ‹con un novio› to split o break up WITH sb; ‹con un amigo› to fall out WITH sb romper CON algo ‹con el pasado› to break WITH sth; ‹con una tradición› to break away FROM sth, break WITH sth
    hay que romper con esas viejas creencias we have to break away from those old beliefs
    este verso rompe con la estructura general del poema this verse departs from the general structure of the poem
    de rompe y rasga: me lo dijo así, de rompe y rasga he told me like that, straight out ( colloq)
    no se puede decidir así de rompe y rasga you can't just decide like that on the spur of the moment
    mujeres de rompe y rasga strong-minded women
    C ( RPl vulg) (molestar) to bug ( colloq)
    1 «vaso/plato» to break, smash, get broken o smashed; «papel» to tear, rip, get torn o ripped; «televisor/lavadora/ascensor» ( RPl) to break down
    2 «pantalones/zapatos» to wear out
    se me rompieron los calcetines por el talón my socks have worn through o gone through at the heel
    3 ‹brazo/pierna/muñeca› to break
    se rompió el tobillo he broke his ankle
    4
    ( RPl fam) (esforzarse): no te rompas demasiado don't kill yourself ( colloq)
    no se rompieron mucho con el regalo they didn't go to much trouble o expense over the gift ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    romper ( conjugate romper) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹loza/mueble› to break;

    ‹ ventana› to break, smash;
    ‹lápiz/cuerda› to break, snap
    b) ‹hoja/póster› ( rasgar) to tear;

    ( en varios pedazos) to tear up
    c) ‹ camisa› to tear, split

    2
    a) ‹silencio/monotonía› to break;

    ‹ tranquilidad› to disturb
    b) ‹promesa/pacto› to break;

    ‹relaciones/compromiso› to break off
    verbo intransitivo
    1

    b) (liter) [ alba] to break;


    c) ( empezar):

    ◊ rompió a llorar/reír she burst into tears/burst out laughing

    2 [ novios] to break up, split up;
    romper CON algn ‹ con novio› to split o break up with sb;
    romper CON algo ‹ con el pasado› to break with sth;
    ‹ con tradición› to break away from sth
    romperse verbo pronominal
    a) [vaso/plato] to break, smash, get broken o smashed;

    [ papel] to tear, rip, get torn o ripped;
    [televisor/ascensor] (RPl) to break down
    b) [pantalones/zapatos] to wear out

    c) ( refl) ‹brazo/pierna› to break

    romper
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to break
    (un cristal, una pieza de loza) to smash, shatter
    (una tela, un papel) to tear (up): rompió el contrato en pedazos, he tore the contract into pieces
    2 (relaciones, una negociación) to break off
    3 (una norma) to fail to fulfil, break
    (una promesa, un trato) to break
    4 (el ritmo, sueño, silencio) to break
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (empezar el día, etc) to break: al cabo de un rato rompió a hablar, after a while she started talking
    rompió a llorar, he burst into tears
    2 (poner un fin) to break [con, with]: he roto con el pasado, I've broken with the past
    (relaciones de pareja) rompieron hace una semana, they broke up a week ago ➣ Ver nota en break
    ' romper' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acabar
    - cascar
    - congénere
    - crisma
    - dejar
    - desligarse
    - desordenar
    - destrozar
    - frágil
    - hielo
    - lanza
    - partir
    - regañar
    - reñir
    - echar
    - espuma
    - mameluco
    - pacto
    - promesa
    - quebrar
    English:
    bash in
    - break
    - break into
    - break off
    - break up
    - break with
    - bust
    - bust up
    - crack
    - dash
    - fall out
    - finish with
    - ice
    - monotony
    - oath
    - pound
    - prompt
    - rank
    - relieve
    - rupture
    - sever
    - smash
    - snap
    - snap off
    - tear
    - tear up
    - chip
    - fall
    - half
    - rip
    - rompers
    - shatter
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [partir, fragmentar] to break;
    [hacer añicos] to smash; [rasgar] to tear;
    romper algo en pedazos to break/smash/tear sth to pieces;
    Mil
    ¡rompan filas! fall out!;
    Fam
    romper la baraja to get annoyed;
    Fam
    o jugamos todos, o se rompe la baraja either we all play, or nobody does
    2. [estropear] to break
    3. [desgastar] to wear out
    4. [interrumpir] [monotonía, silencio, hábito] to break;
    [hilo del discurso] to break off; [tradición] to put an end to, to stop
    5. [terminar] to break off
    6. [incumplir] to break;
    rompió su promesa de ayudarnos she broke her promise to help us
    7.
    romper el par [en golf] to break par
    8.
    romper el servicio de alguien [en tenis] to break sb's serve
    9. RP Fam [fastidiar]
    no me rompas give me a break;
    no (me) rompas la paciencia you're trying my patience;
    muy Fam
    romper las pelotas o [m5] las bolas o [m5] los huevos a alguien to get on sb's tits;
    muy Fam
    dejá de romper las pelotas o [m5] las bolas o [m5] los huevos stop being such a pain in the Br arse o US ass
    ♦ vi
    1. [terminar una relación]
    romper (con alguien) to break up o split up (with sb);
    rompió con su novia he broke up o split up with his girlfriend;
    ha roto con su familia she has broken off contact with her family;
    romper con la tradición to break with tradition;
    rompió con el partido she broke with the party
    2. [empezar] [día] to break;
    [hostilidades] to break out;
    al romper el alba o [m5] día at daybreak;
    romper a hacer algo to suddenly start doing sth;
    romper a llorar to burst into tears;
    romper a reír to burst out laughing
    3. [olas] to break
    4. Fam [tener éxito] to be a hit;
    un cantante que rompe a singer who's all the rage;
    de rompe y rasga: es una mujer de rompe y rasga she's a woman who knows what she wants o knows her own mind
    5. RP Fam [molestar] to be a pain;
    ¡no rompas! give me a break!
    * * *
    <part roto>
    I v/t
    1 break; ( hacer añicos) smash; tela, papel tear
    2 relación break off
    II v/i
    1 break;
    romper con alguien break up with s.o.
    2
    :
    romper a hacer algo start doing sth, start to do sth;
    romper a llorar burst into tears, start crying
    3
    :
    hombre de rompe y rasga strong-minded man
    * * *
    romper {70} vt
    1) : to break, to smash
    2) : to rip, to tear
    3) : to break off (relations), to break (a contract)
    4) : to break through, to break down
    5) gastar: to wear out
    romper vi
    1) : to break
    al romper del día: at the break of day
    2)
    romper a : to begin to, to burst out with
    romper a llorar: to burst into tears
    3)
    romper con : to break off with
    * * *
    romper vb
    1. (en general) to break [pt. broke; pp. broken]
    ¿quién ha roto el cristal? who broke the window?
    2. (papel, tela) to tear [pt. tore; pp. torn]
    3. (desgastar ropa, zapatos) to wear out [pt. wore; pp. worn]
    4. (acabar una relación) to split up [pt. & pp. split]

    Spanish-English dictionary > romper

  • 12 occīdō

        occīdō cīdī, cīsus, ere    [ob+caedo], to strike down, knock down: me pugnis, T.—To cut down, cut off, kill, slay: si aliam (noxiam) admisero, occidito, T.: fortissime pugnans occiditur, Cs.: exercitūs occidione occisi, annihilated, L.: ad unum omnes, to the last man, L.: hominem, murder: modus hominis occidendi, form of murder: homines impune occidebantur, murders were committed: se occidere, commit suicide, Cu.—Fig., to plague to death, torture, torment, pester: occidis saepe rogando, H.: legendo, H.—To ruin, undo: me tuis fallaciis, T.
    * * *
    I
    occidere, occidi, occasus V
    fall, fall down; perish, die, be slain; be ruined/done for, decline, end
    II
    occidere, occidi, occisus V
    kill, murder, slaughter, slay; cut/knock down; weary, be the death/ruin of

    Latin-English dictionary > occīdō

  • 13 kill

    1. n добыча

    plentiful kill — хорошая охота, богатая добыча

    2. n редк. отстрел зверя, дичи
    3. n выполнение нападающего удара
    4. n остановка мяча
    5. n воен. поражение цели
    6. v убивать, лишать жизни
    7. v забивать, бить, резать

    pigs do not kill well at that age — свиньи, забитые в таком возрасте, дают небольшой выход мяса

    8. v побить морозом
    9. v лишать жизненной силы; подрывать, подтачивать силы
    10. v ликвидировать, уничтожать
    11. v губить, подрывать, разрушать
    12. v разгромить, провалить, помешать успеху

    kill a bill — провалить законопроект; провалить предложение

    13. v уморить со смеху
    14. v убивать, ослаблять эффект или действие

    drugs that kill pain — препараты, снимающие боль

    15. v заглушать
    16. v разг. производить сильное впечатление, восхищать

    dressed to kill — изумительно осушить, выпить до дна

    17. v воен. поражать; попадать
    18. v спорт. срезать или гасить
    19. v проводить без пользы; растрачивать
    20. v разг. мучить, измучить
    21. v полигр. вычёркивать, выбрасывать
    22. v полигр. передавать форму на разбор
    23. v метал. выдерживать плавку в ванне; раскислять, успокаивать сталь
    24. v метал. травить
    25. v метал. эл. резко понизить напряжение; отключить, обесточить
    26. v метал. устранять

    to kill by inches — мучить, заставлять умирать мучительной и медленной смертью

    27. n амер. канал; пролив; приток реки
    28. n редк. верша для ловли угрей
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. coup de grace (noun) coup de grace; deathblow; end
    2. prey (noun) prey; quarry; quest
    3. annul (verb) annul; cancel; halt; nullify
    4. destroy (verb) destroy; do away with; extinguish
    5. finish (verb) carry off; cut off; dispatch; down; finish; lay low; liquidate; put away; scrag; take off
    6. slay (verb) assassinate; butcher; electrocute; execute; exterminate; garrote; massacre; murder; slaughter; slay; terminate
    7. veto (verb) negate; negative; nix; non-placet; stop; veto
    Антонимический ряд:
    extend; free; guard; hunter; originate; pardon; preserve; restore; revive; safeguard; save; succour; sustain

    English-Russian base dictionary > kill

  • 14 AF

    of
    * * *
    prep. w. dat.
    I. Of place:
    1) off, from;
    G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;
    ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;
    Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;
    Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;
    hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;
    Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;
    tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;
    bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;
    hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;
    vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;
    muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;
    rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;
    vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;
    lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
    vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;
    2) out of;
    verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;
    gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
    Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.
    Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.
    II. Of time; past, beyond:
    af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;
    ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;
    þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;
    var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.
    III. In various other relations:
    1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;
    hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;
    vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;
    féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;
    þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;
    þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;
    ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;
    2) off, of;
    höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;
    vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;
    þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;
    absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;
    fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;
    3) of, among;
    hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;
    4) with;
    hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;
    fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;
    5) of (= ór which is more frequent);
    húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
    6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;
    hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;
    7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;
    ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;
    kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;
    8) by, of (after passive);
    ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;
    ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;
    9) on account of, by reason of, by;
    úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;
    ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;
    af ástæld hans, by his popularity;
    af því, therefore;
    af hví, wherefor why;
    af því at, because;
    10) by means of, by;
    framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;
    af sínu fé, by one’s own means;
    absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;
    11) with adjectives, in regard to;
    mildr af fé, liberal of money;
    góðr af griðum, merciful;
    12) used absol. with a verb, off away;
    hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;
    ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;
    sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.
    * * *
    prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.
    A. Loc.
    I. With motion, off, from:
    1. prop. corresp. to á,
    α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.
    β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.
    γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.
    δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.
    ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.
    ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).
    2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).
    II. WITHOUT MOTION:
    1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.
    2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.
    β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.
    γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.
    3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.
    β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.
    4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.
    B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:
    1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.
    2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.
    3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.
    C. In various other relations:
    I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.
    1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.
    2. where an object is taken by force:
    α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.
    β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.
    γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.
    3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.
    β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.
    II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.
    β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.
    γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.
    2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.
    β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.
    γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.
    δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.
    3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.
    III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.
    IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:
    1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.
    β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.
    2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.
    β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.
    V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:
    1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.
    2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.
    VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:
    1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.
    β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.
    2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.
    β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.
    3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.
    4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.
    5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.
    VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:
    1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.
    β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.
    2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.
    VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.
    IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.
    β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;
    γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.
    δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.
    X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.
    2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.
    XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).
    D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:
    I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.
    II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AF

  • 15 BERA

    * * *
    I)
    (ber; bar, bárum; borinn), v.
    I.
    1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup í börum suðr í Hvamm);
    bera (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship;
    bera (mat) af borði, to take (the meat) off the table;
    bera e-t á hesti, to carry on horseback;
    2) to wear (bera klæði, vápn, kórónu);
    bera œgishjálm, to inspire fear and awe;
    3) to bear, produce, yield (jörðin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli);
    4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows;
    kýr hafði borit kálf, had calved;
    absol., ván at hón mundi bera, that the cow would calve;
    the pp. is used of men; hann hafði verit blindr borinn, born blind;
    verða borinn í þenna heim, to be born into this world;
    þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, born to;
    borinn e-m, frá e-m (rare), born of;
    Nótt var Nörvi borin, was the daughter of N.;
    borinn Sigmundi, son of S.;
    5) bera e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrliði, ofrmagni, ofríki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force;
    bera e-n ráðum, to overrule one;
    bera e-n bjóri, to make drunk with beer;
    verða bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise;
    borinn verkjum, overcome by pains;
    þess er borin ván, there is no hope, all hope is gone;
    borinn baugum, bribed; cf. bera fé á e-n, to bribe one;
    6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle);
    þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, with as much as they could carry;
    fig., to sustain, support (svá mikill mannfjöldi, at landit fekk eigi borit);
    of persons, to bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, etc.);
    absol., bar hann drengiliga, he bore it manfully;
    similarly, bera (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lítt) af;
    bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore up bravely;
    hversu berst Auðr af um bróðurdauðann, how does she bear it?
    hon berst af lítt, she is much cast down;
    bera sik vel upp, to bear well up against;
    7) bera e-t á, e-n á hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum vér þess valdir, er þú berr á oss);
    bera (kvið) á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn);
    bera af e-m (kviðinn), to give a verdict for;
    bera e-t af sér, to deny having done a thing;
    bera or bera vitni, vætti, to bear witness, testify;
    bera or bera um e-t, to give a verdict in a case;
    bera e-n sannan at sök, to prove guilty by evidence;
    bera e-n undan sök, to acquit;
    bera í sundr frændsemi þeirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations;
    refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (þótt þér berist þat faðerni, er þú segir);
    8) to set forth, report, tell;
    bera e-m kveðju (orð, orðsending), to bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message);
    bera or bera fram erindi sín fyrir e-n, to state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before one;
    bera e-m njósn, to apprise one;
    bera e-t upp, to produce, mention, tell;
    bera upp erindi sín, to state one’s errand;
    bera saman ráð sín, to consult together;
    eyddist það ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed;
    9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (bera jarlnafn, konnungsnafn);
    bera (eigi) giptu, gæfu, hammingju, auðnu til e-s, (not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér);
    bera vit, skyn, kunnáttu á e-t, to have knowledge of, uniderstanding about;
    bera hug, áræði, þor, traust til e-s, to have courage, confidence to do a thing;
    bera áhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned about;
    bera ást, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to;
    10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain);
    bera sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in;
    hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles;
    bera hærra (lægra) hlut to get the best (the worst) of it;
    bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to gain the victory;
    bera hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), to be in high (low) spirits;
    bera halann bratt, lágt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits;
    11) with preps.:
    bera af e-m, to surpass;
    en þó bar Bolli af, surpassed all the rest;
    bera af sér högg, lag to ward off, parry a blow or thrust;
    bera eld at, to set fire to;
    bera fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one;
    bera á or í, to smear, anoint (bera vatn í augu sér, bera tjöru í höfuð sér);
    bera e-t til, to apply to, to try if it fits (bera til hvern lykil af öðrum at portinu);
    bera e-t um, to wind round;
    þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body;
    bera um með e-n, to bear with, have patience with;
    bera út barn, to expose a child;
    12) refl., berast mikit (lítit) á, to bear oneself proudly (humbly);
    láta af berast, to die;
    láta fyrir berast e-s staðar, to stay, remain in a place (for shelter);
    berast e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur);
    at njósna um, hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about;
    berast vápn á, to attack one another;
    berast at or til, to happen;
    þat barst at (happened) á einhverju sumri;
    ef svá harðliga kann til at berast, if that misfortune does happen;
    berast í móti, to happen, occur;
    hefir þetta vel í móti borizt, it is a happy coincidence;
    berast við, to be prevented;
    ok nú lét almáttugr guð við berast kirkjubrunann, prevented, stopped the burning of the church;
    II. impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion;
    alla berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end);
    bar hann (acc.) þá ofan gegnt Ösuri, he happened to come down just opposite to Ö.;
    esp. of ships and sailors; berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eða annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries;
    þá (acc.) bar suðr í haf, they were carried out southwards;
    Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, S. came suddenly upon them;
    ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera þar at, if he should happen to come there;
    e-n berr yfir, one is borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding;
    hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor);
    2) followed by preps.:
    Gunnar sér, at rauðan kyrtil bar við glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window;
    hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, there was nowhere a shadow;
    e-t berr fram (hátt), is prominent;
    Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingu ok bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, stood out conspicuously;
    e-t berr á milli, comes between;
    leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect;
    fig. e-m berr e-t á milli, they are at variance about a thing;
    mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, many things come now before my eyes;
    veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot;
    e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails;
    bera saman, to coincide;
    bar nöfn þeirra saman, they had the same name;
    fig., with dat.; bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together;
    fund várn bar saman, we met;
    3) bera at, til, við, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the person;
    svá bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter;
    þó at þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us;
    bar honum svá til, it so befell him;
    þat bar við (it so happened), at Högni kom;
    raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by fact;
    4) of time, to fall upon;
    ef þing (acc.) berr á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls in the holy week;
    bera í móti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time;
    5) denoting cause;
    e-t berr til, causes a thing;
    konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief;
    ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason;
    berr e-m nauðsyn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing;
    6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot;
    hon á arf at taka, þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn;
    e-t berr frá, is surpassing;
    er sagt, at þat (acc.) bæri frá, hvé vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they spoke;
    7) e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden;
    e-t berr stóru, stórum (stœrrum), it amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance;
    8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin.;
    e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, it becomes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a thing (berr yðr vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli);
    used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (þat þykkir eigi illa bera, at).
    (að), v. to make bare (hon beraði likam sinn).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f.
    I. [björn], a she-bear, Lat. ursa; the primitive root ‘ber’ remains only in this word (cp. berserkr and berfjall), björn (q. v.) being the masc. in use, Landn. 176, Fas. i. 367, Vkv. 9: in many Icel. local names, Beru-fjörðr, -vík, from Polar bears; fem. names, Bera, Hallbera, etc., Landn.
    II. a shield, poët., the proverb, baugr er á beru sæmstr, to a shield fits best a baugr (q. v.), Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.); hence names of poems Beru-drápa, Eg.
    2.
    bar, báru, borit, pres. berr,—poët. forms with the suffixed negative; 3rd pers. sing. pres. Indic. berrat, Hm. 10; 3rd pers. sing. pret. barat, Vellekla; 1st pers. sing. barkak, Eb. 62 (in a verse); barkat ek, Hs. 8; 2nd pers. sing. bartattu; 3rd pers. pl. bárut, etc., v. Lex. Poët. [Gr. φέρειν; Lat. ferre; Ulf. bairan; A. S. beran; Germ. gebären; Engl. bear; Swed. bära; Dan. bære].
    A. Lat. ferre, portare:
    I. prop. with a sense of motion, to bear, carry, by means of the body, of animals, of vehicles, etc., with acc., Egil tók mjöðdrekku eina mikla, ok bar undir hendi sér, Eg. 237; bar hann heim hrís, Rm. 9; konungr lét bera inn kistur tvær, báru tveir menn hverja, Eg. 310; bera farm af skipi, to unload a ship, Ld. 32; bera (farm) á skip, to load a ship, Nj. 182; tóku alla ösku ok báru á á ( amnem) út, 623, 36; ok bar þat ( carried it) í kerald, 43, K. Þ. K. 92; b. mat á borð, í stofu, to put the meat on table, in the oven; b. mat af borði, to take it off table, Eb. 36, 266, Nj. 75, Fms. ix. 219, etc.
    2. Lat. gestare, ferre, denoting to wear clothes, to carry weapons; skikkja dýr er konungr hafði borit, Eg. 318; b. kórónu, to wear the crown, Fms. x. 16; atgeir, Nj. 119; vápn, 209: metaph., b. ægishjálm, to inspire fear and awe; b. merki, to carry the flag in a battle, Nj. 274, Orkn. 28, 30, 38, Fms. v. 64, vi. 413; bera fram merki, to advance, move in a battle, vi. 406.
    3. b. e-t á hesti (áburðr), to carry on horseback; Auðunn bar mat á hesti, Grett. 107; ok bar hrís á hesti, 76 new Ed.; þeir báru á sjau hestum, 98 new Ed.
    II. without a sense of motion:
    1. to give birth to; [the root of barn, bairn; byrja, incipere; burðr, partus; and burr, filius: cp. Lat. parĕre; also Gr. φέρειν, Lat. ferre, of child-bearing.] In Icel. prose, old as well as mod., ‘ala’ and ‘fæða’ are used of women; but ‘bera,’ of cows and sheep; hence sauðburðr, casting of lambs, kýrburðr; a cow is snembær, siðbær, Jólabær, calves early, late, at Yule time, etc.; var ekki ván at hon ( the cow) mundi b. fyr en um várit, Bs. i. 193, 194; kýr hafði borit kálf, Bjarn. 32; bar hvárrtveggi sauðrinn sinn burð, Stj. 178: the participle borinn is used of men in a great many compds in a general sense, aptrborinn, árborinn, endrborinn, frjálsborinn, goðborinn, höldborinn, hersborinn, konungborinn, óðalborinn, samborinn, sundrborinn, velborinn, úborinn, þrælborinn, etc.; also out of compds, mun ek eigi upp gefa þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, … entitled to by inheritance, Ld. 102; hann hafði blindr verit borinn, born blind, Nj. 152, Hdl. 34, 42, Vsp. 2: esp. borinn e-m, born of one, Rm. 39, Hdl. 12, 23, 27, Hðm. 2, Gs. 9, Vþm. 25, Stor. 16, Vkv. 15; borinn frá e-m, Hdl. 24: the other tenses are in theol. Prose used of Christ, hans blezaða son er virðist at láta berast hingað í heim af sinni blezaðri móður, Fms. i. 281; otherwise only in poetry, eina dóttur (acc.) berr álfröðull (viz. the sun, regarded as the mother), Vþm. 47; hann Gjálp um bar, hann Greip um bar …, Hdl. 36: borit (sup.), Hkv. 1. 1.
    β. of trees, flowers; b. ávöxt, blóm …, to bear fruit, flower … (freq.); bar aldinviðrinn tvennan blóma, Fms. ix. 265; cp. the phrase, bera sitt barr, v. barr.
    2. denoting to load, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing:
    α. in prop. sense; hann hafði borit sik mjök vápnum, he had loaded himself with arms, i. e. wore heavy armour, Sturl. iii. 250.
    β. but mostly in a metaph. sense; b. e-n ofrafli, ofrmagni, ofrliði, ofríki, magni, to bear one down, to overcome, oppress one, by odds or superior force, Grág. i. 101, ii. 195, Nj. 80, Hkr. ii. 371, Gþl. 474, Stj. 512, Fms. iii. 175 (in the last passage a dat. pers. badly); b. e-n ráðum, to overrule one, Nj. 198, Ld. 296; b. e-n málum, to bearhim down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit, Nj. 151; b. e-n bjóri, to make drunk, Vkv. 26: medic., borinn verkjum, sótt, Bjarn. 68, Og. 5; bölvi, Gg. 2: borne down, feeling heavy pains; þess er borin ván, no hope, all hope is gone, Ld. 250; borinn sök, charged with a cause, Fms. v. 324, H. E. i. 561; bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise, Fms. iv. 111; b. fé, gull á e-n, to bring one a fee, gold, i. e. to bribe one, Nj. 62; borinn baugum, bribed, Alvm. 5; always in a bad sense, cp. the law phrase, b. fé í dóm, to bribe a court, Grág., Nj. 240.
    3. to bear, support, sustain, Lat. sustinere, lolerare, ferre:
    α. properly, of a ship, horse, vehicle, to bear, be capable of bearing; þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, all that they could carry, Eb. 302;—a ship ‘berr’ ( carries) such and such a weight; but ‘tekr’ ( takes) denotes a measure of fluids.
    β. metaph. to sustain, support; dreif þannig svá mikill mannfjöldi at landit fékk eigi borit, Hkr. i. 56; but metaph. to bear up against, endure, support grief, sorrow, etc., sýndist öllum at Guð hefði nær ætlað hvat hann mundi b. mega, Bs. i. 139; biðr hann friðar ok þykist ekki mega b. reiði hans, Fms. iii. 80: the phrase, b. harm sinn í hljóði, to suffer silently; b. svívirðing, x. 333: absol., þótti honum mikit víg Kjartans, en þó bar hann drengilega, he bore it manfully, Ld. 226; er þat úvizka, at b. eigi slíkt, not to bear or put up with, Glúm. 327; b. harm, to grieve, Fms. xi. 425: in the phrases, b. sik, b. af sér, berask, berask vel (illa, lítt), to bear oneself, to bear up against misfortune; Guðrúnu þótti mikit fráfall Þorkels, en þó bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore her bravely up, Ld. 326–328; lézt hafa spurt at ekkjan bæri vel af sér harmana, Eb. 88; berask af; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróðurdauðann? (how does she bear it?); hón bersk af lítt ( she is much borne down) ok þykir mikit, Gísl. 24; niun oss vandara gört en öðrum at vér berim oss vel (Lat. fortiter ferre), Nj. 197; engi maðr hefði þar jamvel borit sik, none bad borne himself so boldly, Sturl. iii. 132; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against, bear a stout heart, Hrafn. 17; b. sik beiskliga ( sorely), Stj. 143; b. sik lítt, to be downcast, Fms. ii. 61; b. sik at göra e-t, to do one’s best, try a thing.
    III. in law terms or modes of procedure:
    1. bera járn, the ordeal of bearing hot iron in the hand, cp. járnburðr, skírsla. This custom was introduced into Scandinavia together with Christianity from Germany and England, and superseded the old heathen ordeals ‘hólmganga,’ and ‘ganga undir jarðarmen,’ v. this word. In Norway, during the civil wars, it was esp. used in proof of paternity of the various pretenders to the crown, Fms. vii. 164, 200, ix. Hák. S. ch. 14, 41–45, viii. (Sverr. S.) ch. 150, xi. (Jómsv. S.) ch. 11, Grett. ch. 41, cp. N. G. L. i. 145, 389. Trial by ordeal was abolished in Norway A. D. 1247. In Icel. It was very rarely mentioned, vide however Lv. ch. 23 (paternity), twice or thrice in the Sturl. i. 56, 65, 147, and Grág. i. 341, 361; it seems to have been very seldom used there, (the passage in Grett. S. l. c. refers to Norway.)
    2. bera út (hence útburðr, q. v.), to expose children; on this heathen custom, vide Grimm R. A. In heathen Icel., as in other parts of heathen Scandinavia, it was a lawful act, but seldom exercised; the chief passages on record are, Gunnl. S. ch. 3 (ok þat var þá siðvandi nokkurr, er land var allt alheiðit, at þeir menn er félitlir vórn, en stóð ómegð mjök til handa létu út bera börn sín, ok þótti þó illa gört ávalt), Fs. Vd. ch. 37, Harð. S. ch. 8, Rd. ch. 7, Landn. v. ch. 6, Finnb. ch. 2, Þorst. Uxaf. ch. 4, Hervar. S. ch. 4, Fas. i. 547 (a romance); cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 1. On the introduction of Christianity into Icel. A. D. 1000, it was resolved that, in regard to eating of horse-flesh and exposure of children, the old laws should remain in force, Íb. ch. 9; as Grimm remarks, the exposure must take place immediately after birth, before the child had tasted food of any kind whatever, and before it was besprinkled with water (ausa vatni) or shown to the father, who had to fix its name; exposure, after any of these acts, was murder, cp. the story of Liafburga told by Grimm R. A.); v. Also a Latin essay at the end of the Gunnl. S. (Ed. 1775). The Christian Jus Eccl. put an end to this heathen barbarism by stating at its very beginning, ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr, i. e. all children, if not of monstrous shape, shall be brought up, N. G. L. i. 339, 363.
    β. b. út (now more usual, hefja út, Am. 100), to carry out for burial; vera erfðr ok tit borinn, Odd. 20; var hann heygðr, ok út borinn at fornum sið, Fb. i. 123; b. á bál, to place (the body and treasures) upon the pile, the mode of burying in the old heathen time, Fas. i. 487 (in a verse); var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi, Edda 38.
    B. Various and metaph. cases.
    I. denoting motion:
    1. ‘bera’ is in the Grág. the standing law term for delivery of a verdict by a jury (búar), either ‘bera’ absol. or adding kvið ( verdict); bera á e-n, or b. kvið á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty; bera af e-m, or b. af e-m kviðinn, to give a verdict for; or generally, bera, or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera, or b. vitni, vætti, also simply means to testify, to witness, Nj. 111, cp. kviðburðr ( delivering of verdict), vitnisburðr ( bearing witness), Grág. ii. 28; eigi eigu búar ( jurors) enn at b. um þat hvat lög eru á landi hér, the jurors have not to give verdict in (to decide) what is law in the country, cp. the Engl. maxim, that jurors have only to decide the question of evidence, not of law, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 85; eigi eru búar skildir at b. um hvatvetna; um engi mál eigu þeir at skilja, þau er erlendis ( abroad) hafa görzt, id.; the form in delivering the verdict—höfum vér ( the jurors), orðit á eitt sáttir, berum á kviðburðinn, berum hann sannan at sökinni, Nj. 238, Grág. i. 49, 22, 138, etc.; í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn, id.; b. annattveggja af eðr á; b. undan, to discharge, Nj. 135; b. kvið í hag ( for), Grág. i. 55; b. lýsingar vætti, Nj. 87; b. vitni ok vætti, 28, 43, 44; b. ljúgvitni, to bear false witness, Grág. i. 28; b. orð, to bear witness to a speech, 43; bera frændsemi sundr, to prove that they are not relations, N. G. L. i. 147: reflex., berask ór vætti, to prove that oneself is wrongly summoned to bear witness or to give a verdict, 44: berask in a pass. sense, to be proved by evidence, ef vanefni b. þess manns er á hönd var lýst, Grág. i. 257; nema jafnmæli berisk, 229; þótt þér berisk þat faðerni er þú segir, Fms. vii. 164; hann kvaðst ætla, at honum mundi berask, that he would be able to get evidence for, Fs. 46.
    β. gener. and not as a law term; b. á, b. á hendr, to charge; b. e-n undan, to discharge, Fs. 95; eigi erum vér þessa valdir er þú berr á oss, Nj. 238, Ld. 206, Fms. iv. 380, xi. 251, Th. 78; b. e-m á brýnn, to throw in one’s face, to accuse, Greg. 51; b. af sér, to deny; eigi mun ek af mér b., at… ( non diffitebor), Nj. 271; b. e-m gott vitni, to give one a good…, 11; b. e-m vel (illa) söguna, to bear favourable (unfavourable) witness of one, 271.
    2. to bear by word of mouth, report, tell, Lat. referre; either absol. or adding kveðju, orð, orðsending, eyrindi, boð, sögu, njósn, frétt…, or by adding a prep., b. fram, frá, upp, fyrir; b. kveðju, to bring a greeting, compliment, Eg. 127; b. erindi (sín) fyrir e-n, to plead one’s case before one, or to tell one’s errand, 472, 473; b. njósn, to apprise, Nj. 131; b. fram, to deliver (a speech), talaði jungherra Magnús hit fyrsta erindi (M. made his first speech in public), ok fanst mönnum mikit um hversu úbernsliga fram var borit, Fms. x. 53; (in mod. usage, b. fram denotes gramm. to pronounce, hence ‘framburðr,’ pronunciation); mun ek þat nú fram b., I shall now tell, produce it, Ld. 256, Eg. 37; b. frá, to attest, relate with emphasis; má þat frá b., Dropl. 21; b. upp, to produce, mention, tell, þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, though such a lie be told him, Eg. 59; þær (viz. charges) urðu engar upp bornar ( produced) við Rút, Nj. 11; berr Sigtryggr þegar upp erindi sín (cp. Germ. ojfenbaren), 271, Ld. 256; b. upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464; b. fyrir, to plead as an excuse; b. saman ráð sín, or the like, to consult, Nj. 91; eyddist þat ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed, Post. 656 A. ii; b. til skripta, to confess (eccl.), of auricular confession, Hom. 124, 655 xx.
    II. in a metaphorical or circumlocutory sense, and without any sense of motion, to keep, hold, bear, of a title; b. nafn, to bear a name, esp. as honour or distinction; tignar nafn, haulds nafn, jarls nafn, lends manns nafn, konungs nafn, bónda nafn, Fms. i. 17, vi. 278, xi. 44, Gþl. 106: in a more metaph. sense, denoting endowments, luck, disposition, or the like, b. (ekki) gæfu, hamingju, auðnu til e-s, to enjoy (enjoy not) good or bad luck, etc.; at Þórólfr mundi eigi allsendis gæfu til b. um vináttu við Harald, Eg. 75, 112, 473, Fms. iv. 164, i. 218; úhamingju, 219; b. vit, skyn, kunnáttu á (yfir) e-t, to bring wit, knowledge, etc., to bear upon a thing, xi. 438, Band. 7; hence vel (illa) viti borinn, well (ill) endowed with wit, Eg. 51; vel hyggjandi borinn, well endowed with reason, Grág. ii; b. hug, traust, áræði, þor, til e-s, to have courage, confidence … to do a thing, Gullþ. 47, Fms. ix. 220, Band. 7; b. áhyggju, önn fyrir, to care, be concerned about, Fms. x. 318; b. ást, elsku til e-s, to bear affection, love to one; b. hatr, to hate: b. svört augu, to have dark eyes, poët., Korm. (in a verse); b. snart hjarta, Hom. 5; vant er þat af sjá hvar hvergi berr hjarta sitt, where he keeps his heart, Orkn. 474; b. gott hjarta, to bear a proud heart, Lex. Poët., etc. etc.; b. skyndi at um e-t, to make speed with a thing, Lat. festinare, Fms. viii. 57.
    2. with some sense of motion, to bear off or away, carry off, gain, in such phrases as, b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in …; hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orrustum, er frægstar hafa verit, he had borne off the victory in two battles, Fms. xi. 186; bera banaorð af e-m, to slay one in a fight, to be the victor; Þorr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi, Edda 42, Fms. x. 400: it seems properly to mean, to bear off the fame of having killed a man; verðat svá rík sköp, at Regin skyli mitt banorð bera, Fm. 39; b. hærra, lægra hlut, ‘to bear off the higher or the lower lot,’ i. e. to get the best or the worst of it, or the metaphor is taken from a sortilege, Fms. ii. 268, i. 59, vi. 412; b. efra, hærra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, to get the victory, x. 394, Lex. Poët.; b. hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), i. e. to be in high or low spirits, Nj. 91; but also, b. halann bratt (lágt), to cock up or let fall the tail (metaph. from cattle), to be in an exultant or low mood: sundry phrases, as, b. bein, to rest the bones, be buried; far þú til Íslands, þar mun þér auðið verða beinin at b., Grett. 91 A; en þó hygg ek at þú munir hér b. beinin í Norðrálfunni, Orkn. 142; b. fyrir borð, to throw overboard, metaph. to oppress; verðr Þórhalli nú fyrir borð borinn, Th. was defied, set at naught, Fær. 234; b. brjóst fyrir e-m, to be the breast-shield, protection of one, Fms. vii. 263: also, b. hönd fyrir höfuð sér, metaph. to put one’s hand before one’s head, i. e. to defend oneself; b. ægishjálm yfir e-m, to keep one in awe and submission, Fm. 16, vide A. I. 2.
    III. connected with prepp., b. af, and (rarely) yfir (cp. afburðr, yfirburðr), to excel, surpass; eigi sá hvárttveggja féit er af öðrum berr, who gets the best of it, Nj. 15; en þó bar Bolli af, B. surpassed all the rest, Ld. 330; þat mannval bar eigi minnr af öðrum mönnum um fríðleik, afi ok fræknleik, en Ormrinn Langi af öðrum skipum, Fms. ii. 252; at hinn útlendi skal yfir b. ( outdo) þann sem Enskir kalla meistara, xi. 431: b. til, to apply, try if it fits; en er þeir báru til (viz. shoes to the hoof of a horse), þá var sem hæfði hestinum, ix. 55; bera til hvern lykil at öðrum at portinu, Thom. 141; b. e-t við, to try it on (hence viðburðr, experiment, effort): b. um, to wind round, as a cable round a pole or the like, Nj. 115; þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body, Fms. ix. 219; ‘b. e-t undir e-n’ is to consult one, ellipt., b. undir dóm e-s; ‘b. e-t fyrir’ is to feign, use as excuse: b. á, í, to smear, anoint; b. vatn í augu sér, Rb. 354; b. tjöru í höfuð sér, Nj. 181, Hom. 70, 73, cp. áburðr; b. gull, silfr, á, to ornament with gold or silver, Ld. 114, Finnb. 258: is now also used = to dung, b. á völl; b. vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons, Eg. 583, Fms. xi. 334: b. eld at, to set fire to, Nj. 122; b. fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one, Fms. x. 172, Hm. 150: metaph. reflex., bönd berask at e-m, a law term, the evidence bears against one; b. af sér, to parry off; Gyrðr berr af sér lagit, G. parries the thrust off, Fms. x. 421; cp. A. II. 3. β.
    IV. reflex., berask mikit á (cp. áburðr), to bear oneself proudly, or b. lítið á, to bear oneself humbly; hann var hinn kátasti ok barst á mikit, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 219, Eb. 258; b. lítið á, Clem. 35; láta af berask, to die; Óttarr vill skipa til um fjárfar sitt áðr hann láti af b., Fms. ii. 12: berask fyrir, to abide in a place as an asylum, seek shelter; hér munu vit láta fyrir b., Fas. iii. 471; berask e-t fyrir, to design a thing, be busy about, barsk hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur, Greg. 53; at njósna um hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about, Fms. iv. 184, Vígl. 19.
    β. recipr. in the phrase, berask banaspjót eptir, to seek for one another’s life, Glúm. 354: b. vápn á, of a mutual attack with sharp weapons, Fms. viii. 53.
    γ. pass., sár berask á e-n, of one in the heat of battle beginning to get wounds and give way, Nj.:—berask við, to be prevented, not to do; ok nú lét Almáttugr Guð við berast kirkjubrunnann, stopped, prevented the burning of the church, Fms. v. 144; en mér þætti gott ef við bærist, svá at hón kæmi eigi til þín, vi. 210, vii. 219; ok var þá búit at hann mundi þegar láta hamarinn skjanna honum, en hann lét þat við berask, he bethought himself and did not, Edda 35; því at mönnum þótti sem þannig mundi helzt úhæfa við berask, that mischief would thus be best prevented, Sturl. ii. 6, iii. 80.
    C. IMPERS.:—with a sort of passive sense, both in a loc. and temp. sense, and gener. denotes an involuntary, passive motion, happening suddenly or by chance:
    I. with acc. it bears or carries one to a place, i. e. one happens to come; the proverb, alla (acc.) berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end), Lat. omnes una manet nox; bar hann þá ofan gegnt Özuri, he happened to come in his course just opposite to Ö., Lat. delatus est, Dropl. 25: esp. of ships or sailors; nú berr svá til ( happens) herra, at vér komum eigi fram ferðinni, berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eðr annara landa, it bore us to I., i. e. if we drive or drift thither, Fms. iv. 176; þá (acc. pl.) bar suðr í haf, they drifted southwards, Nj. 124.
    β. as a cricketing term, in the phrase, berr (bar) út knöttinn, the ball rolls out, Gísl. 26, cp. p. 110 where it is transit.; berr Gísli ok út knöttinn, vide Vígl. ch. 11, Grett. ch. 17, Vd. ch. 37, Hallfr. S. ch. 2.
    γ. Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, Sk. came suddenly upon them, Nj. 144; bar at Hróaldi þegar allan skjöldinn, the shield was dashed against H.’s body, 198; ok skyldu sæta honum, ef hann (acc.) bæri þar at, if he should per chance come, shew himself there, Orkn. 406; e-n berr yfir, it bears one, i. e. one is borne onwards, as a bird flying, a man riding; þóttist vita, at hann (acc.) mundi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði en gengi, that he would get on more fleetly riding than walking, Hrafn. 7; hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, he passed quickly, of a flying meteor, Nj. 194; e-n berr undan, escapes.
    2. also with acc. followed by prepp. við, saman, jafnframt, hjá, of bodies coinciding or covering one another: loc., er jafnframt ber jaðrana tungls ok sólar, if the orb of the moon and sun cover each other, Rb. 34; þat kann vera stundum, at tunglit (acc.) berr jafht á millum vár ok sólar (i. e. in a moon eclipse), 108; ber nokkut jaðar (acc.) þess hjá sólar jaðri, 34; Gunnarr sér at rauðan kyrtil (acc.) bar við glugginn, G. sees that a red kirtle passed before the window, Nj. 114; bar fyrir utan þat skip vápnaburð (acc.) heiðingja (gen. pl.), the missiles of the heathens passed over the ship without hurting them, flew too high, Fms. vii. 232; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, nowhere a shadow, all bright, Nj. 118; þangat sem helzt mátti nokkut yfir þá skugga bera af skóginum, where they were shadowed (hidden) by the trees, Fms. x. 239; e-t berr fram (hátt), a body is prominent, Lat. eminet; Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingunni, bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, king O. stood out conspicuously, ii. 308; b. yfir, þótti mjök bera hljóð (acc.) þar yfir er Ólafr sat, the sound was heard over there where O. sat, Sturl. i. 21; b. á milli, something comes between; leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect, Nj. 263: metaph., e-m berr e-t á milli, they come to dissent, 13, v. 1.; b. fyrir augu (hence fyrirburðr, vision), of a vision or the like; mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, ek sé …, many things come now before my eyes, 104; hann mundi allt þat er fyrir hann hafði borit, i. e. all the dream, 195; eina nótt berr fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137, Rd. 290; veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m (a metaphor from hunting), sport falls to one’s lot; hér bæri veiði í hendr nú, here would be a game, Nj. 252; e-t berr undan (a metaphor from fishing, hunting term), when one misses one’s opportunity; vel væri þá … at þá veiði (acc.) bæri eigi undan, that this game should not go amiss, 69; en ef þetta (acc.) berr undan, if this breaks down, 63; hon bað hann þá drepa einhvern manna hans, heldr en allt (acc.) bæri undan, rather than that all should go amiss, Eg. 258: absol., þyki mér illa, ef undan berr, if I miss it, Nj. 155; viljum vér ekki at undan beri at…, we will by no means miss it…, Fms. viii. 309, v. 1. The passage Bs. i. 416 (en fjárhlutr sá er átt hafði Ari, bar undan Guðmundi) is hardly correct, fjárhlut þann would run better, cp. bera undir, as a law term, below.
    II. adding prepp.; b. við, at, til, at hendi, at móti, til handa …, to befall, happen, Lat. accidere, occurrere, with dat. of the person, (v. atburðr, viðburðr, tilburðr); engi hlut skyldi þann at b., no such thing should happen as…, Fms. xi. 76; svá bar at einn vetr, it befell, x. 201; þat hefir nú víst at hendi borit, er…, Nj. 174; þó þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, Eg. 7; b. til handa, id., Sks. 327; bar honum svá til, so it befell him, Fms. xi. 425; at honum bæri engan váðaligan hlut til á veginum, that nothing dangerous should befall him on the way, Stj. 212; bæri þat þá svá við, at hann ryfi, it then perchance might happen, that …, 102; þat bar við at Högni kom, 169, 172, 82; raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by the fact, event, Fms. ix. 474, x. 185.
    2. temp., e-t berr á, it happens to fall on …; ef þing (acc.) ber á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls on the holy week (Whitsun), Grág. i. 106; ef Crucis messu (acc.) berr á Drottins dag, Rb. 44; berr hana (viz. Petrs messu, June 29) aldrei svá optarr á öldinni, 78; þat er nú berr oss næst, what has occurred of late, Sturl. iii. 182: b. í móti, to happen exactly at a time; þetta (acc.) bar í móti at þenna sama dag andaðist Brandr biskup, Bs. i. 468; b. saman, id.; bar þat saman, at pá var Gunnarr at segja brennusöguna, just when G. was about telling the story, Nj. 269.
    3. metaph. of agreement or separation; en þat (acc.) þykir mjök saman b. ok þessi frásögn, Fms. x. 276: with dat., bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the records agreed well together, Nj. 100, v. l.; berr nú enn í sundr með þeim, Bjarna ok Þorkatli at sinni, B. and Th. missed each other, Vápn. 25.
    4. denoting cause; e-t (acc.) berr til …, causes a thing; ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason, Nj. 75; at þat beri til skilnaðar okkars, that this will make us to part (divorce), 261; konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief? Fms. vi. 355; þat berr til tunglhlaups, Rb. 32.
    β. meiri ván at brátt beri þat (acc.) til bóta, at herviliga steypi hans ríki, i. e. there will soon come help (revenge), Fms. x. 264; fjórir eru þeir hlutir er menn (acc.) berr í ætt á landi hér, there are four cases under which people may be adopted, Grág. i. 361.
    γ. e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot; hon á arf at taka þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn, 179; mikla erfð (acc.) bar undir hana, Mar. (Fr.); berr yfir, of surpassing, Bs. ii. 121, 158; b. frá, id. (fráburðr); herðimikill svá at þat (acc.) bar frá því sem aðrir menn, Eg. 305; er sagt, at þat bæri frá hve vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they did speak, Jb. 11; bar þat mest frá hversu illa hann var limaðr, but above all, how…, Ó. H. 74.
    5. with adverbial nouns in a dat. form; e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden; berr þetta (acc.) nú allbráðum, Fms. xi. 139; cp. vera bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise (above); berr stórum, stærrum, it matters a great deal; ætla ek stærrum b. hin lagabrotin (acc.), they are much more important, matter more, vii. 305; var þat góðr kostr, svá at stórum bar, xi. 50; hefir oss orðit svá mikil vanhyggja, at stóru berr, an enormous blunder, Gísl. 51; svá langa leið, at stóru bar, Fas. i. 116; þat berr stórum, hversu mér þóknast vel þeirra athæfi, it amounts to a great deal, my liking their service, i. e. I do greatly like, Fms. ii. 37; eigi berr þat allsmám hversu vel mér líkar, in no small degree do I like, x. 296.
    β. with dat., it is fitting, becoming; svá mikit sem landeiganda (dat.) berr til at hafa eptir lögum, what he is legally entitled to, Dipl. iii. 10; berr til handa, it falls to one’s lot, v. above, Grág. i. 93.
    III. answering to Lat. oportet, absolutely or with an adverb, vel, illa, with infinit.; e-m berr, it beseems, becomes one; berr þat ekki né stendr þvílíkum höfuðfeðr, at falsa, Stj. 132; berr yðr (dat.) vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli, Fms. ix. 326; sagði, at þat bar eigi Kristnum mönnum, at særa Guð, x. 22; þá siðu at mér beri vel, Sks. 353 B: used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, unbeseeming, unfit, improper; athæfi þat er vel beri fyrir konungs augliti, 282; þat þykir ok eigi illa bera, at maðr hafi svart skinn til hosna, i. e. it suits pretty well, 301: in case of a pers. pron. in acc. or dat. being added, the sentence becomes personal in order to avoid doubling the impers. sentence, e. g. e-m berr skylda (not skyldu) til, one is bound by duty; veit ek eigi hver skylda (nom.) yðr (acc.) ber til þess at láta jarl einn ráða, Fms. i. 52: also leaving the dat. out, skylda berr til at vera forsjámaðr með honum, vii. 280; eigi berr hér til úviska mín, it is not that I am not knowing, Nj. 135.
    IV. when the reflex. inflexion is added to the verb, the noun loses its impers. character and is turned from acc. into nom., e. g. þar (þat?) mun hugrinn minn mest hafa fyrir borizt, this is what I suspected, fancied, Lv. 34; cp. hugarburðr, fancy, and e-t berr fyrir e-n (above, C. I. 2); hefir þetta (nom.) vel í móti borizt, a happy coincidence, Nj. 104; ef svá harðliga kann til at berask, if the misfortunes do happen, Gþl. 55; barsk sú úhamingja (nom.) til á Íslandi, that mischief happened (no doubt the passage is thus to be emended), Bs. i. 78, but bar þá úhamingju …; þat (nom.) barsk at, happened, Fms. x. 253; fundir várir (nom.) hafa at borizt nokkurum sinnum, vii. 256; þat barsk at á einhverju sumri, Eg. 154; bærist at um síðir at allr þingheimrinn berðist, 765, cp. berast við, berask fyrir above (B. V.): berast, absol., means to be shaken, knocked about; var þess ván, at fylkingar mundu berast í hergöngunni, that they would be brought into some confusion, Fms. v. 74; Hrólfr gékk at ramliga, ok barst Atli (was shaken, gave away) fyrir orku sakir, þar til er hann féll. Fas. iii. 253; barst Jökull allr fyrir orku sakir (of two wrestling), Ísl. ii. 467, Fms. iii. 189: vide B. IV.
    D. In mod. usage the strong bera—bar is also used in impersonal phrases, denoting to let a thing be seen, shew, but almost always with a negative preceding, e. g. ekki bar (ber) á því, it could ( can) not be seen; að á engu bæri, láta ekki á bera ( to keep tight), etc. All these phrases are no doubt alterations from the weak verb bera, að, nudare, and never occur in old writers; we have not met with any instance previous to the Reformation; the use is certainly of late date, and affords a rare instance of weak verbs turning into strong; the reverse is more freq. the case.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BERA

  • 16 MOLD

    * * *
    (dat. moldu), f.
    1) mould, earth (hlóðu síðan at grjóti ok jósu at moldu);
    2) earth, the ground; fyrir m. ofan, above earth, alive; fyrir m. neðan, beneath the earth, underground; hníga til moldar, to die.
    * * *
    f., dat. moldu; [Ulf. mulda = χους and κονιορτός, Mark vi. 11, Luke ix. 5; A. S. molde; Engl. mould; O. H. G. molta; Dutch mul; Dan. muld; Swed. mull]:—mould, earth (from, mala and mylja); jósu at moldu, Eg. 300; hafa legit í moldu, Fms. v. 106; saurig mold, Stj. 115. Earth was symbolical of a purchase of land (cp. Lat. mancipium): the rite is thus described, nú kaupir maðr jörð …, hann á mold at taka sem í lögum er mælt, taka at arins-hornum fjórum, ok í öndugis-sæti, ok þar sem akr ok eng mætisk, ok þar sem holt ok hagi mætisk, ok njóta þeirra vátta á þingi at hann hefir mold rétt tekna, etc., N. G. L. i. 96; penningr gengr fyrir mold ok man, iii. 92, v. l.: as also in moldrofs-maðr (q. v.), D. N. i. 7:—vera fyrir ofan mold, above earth, alive, Fms. vi. 182; fyrir mold neðan, beneath earth, Vsp. 2; á moldu, on earth; meðan mold er ok menn lifa, Grág. ii. 169:—of burials, syngja e-n til moldar, to chant one into the mould, to bury, of a priest, Dipl. iv. 8, H. E. ii. 131; hníga til moldar, to die, Hðm. 16; fella til moldar, to fell to earth, slay, Fbr. (in a verse); maðr er moldu samr, man is dust, Sól. 47; úvígðri moldu, Landn. 117: in plur. funerals, standa yfir moldum e-s, to attend one’s funeral: the phrase, rigna í moldirnar, of rain into an open, fresh dug grave, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 55; moldar genginn, buried, Sól. 60; maðr er moldar auki, ‘a man is but mould eke’ is but dust, a saying, Rkv.; verða at moldar auka, to be turned into dust, Fas. i. (in a verse), Ver. 5.
    COMPDS: moldarfullr, moldarhola, moldauki, moldbakki, moldbúi.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MOLD

  • 17 uccidere

    kill
    * * *
    uccidere v.tr. to kill (anche fig.); ( assassinare) to murder; ( trucidare) to slay; ( massacrare) to massacre, to slaughter; ( macellare) to butcher, to slaughter; ( a pugnalate) to stab to death; ( con arma da fuoco) to shoot*: fu ucciso in un incidente di auto, he was killed in a car accident; furono uccisi in uno scontro a fuoco con la polizia, they were killed in a shoot-out (o gunfight) with the police; il freddo la uccise, the cold killed her; il dolore lo uccise, he died of a broken heart (o of sorrow); Lincoln fu ucciso da un fanatico, Lincoln was murdered by a fanatic; il macellaio uccide le bestie una volta alla settimana, the butcher slaughters once a week; uccidere qlcu. sparandogli alla testa, to shoot s.o. in the head.
    ◘ uccidersi v.rifl.
    1 ( rimaner ucciso) to get* killed, to be killed: si è ucciso con l'auto, he was killed in a car crash
    2 ( suicidarsi) to kill oneself, to commit suicide, to take* one's own life: quel giovane si uccise per disperazione, that young man committed suicide in despair; si è ucciso con il gas, he gassed himself.
    * * *
    1. [ut'tʃidere]
    vb irreg vt
    (gen) to kill, (assassinare) to murder, kill, (sogg : malattia) to carry off, kill
    1) (uso reciproco) to kill each other
    2) (suicidarsi) to kill o.s.

    uccidersi col gas — to gas o.s.

    (perdere la vita) to be killed
    * * *
    [ut'tʃidere] 1.
    verbo transitivo to kill [persona, animale, pianta]; (con arma da fuoco) to shoot down, to shoot dead [ persona]

    uccidere qcn. a bastonate — to club sb. to death

    questo caldo mi uccide — fig. this heat is killing me

    2.
    verbo pronominale uccidersi
    1) (suicidarsi) to kill oneself
    2) (reciprocamente) to kill each other, to kill one another
    3) (morire) to get* killed
    ••
    * * *
    uccidere
    /ut't∫idere/ [35]
     to kill [persona, animale, pianta]; (con arma da fuoco) to shoot down, to shoot dead [ persona]; uccidere qcn. a bastonate to club sb. to death; l'avrei ucciso! I could have killed him! questo caldo mi uccide fig. this heat is killing me
    II uccidersi verbo pronominale
     1 (suicidarsi) to kill oneself
     2 (reciprocamente) to kill each other, to kill one another
     3 (morire) to get* killed
    uccidere la gallina dalle uova d'oro to kill the golden goose; uccidere il vitello grasso to kill the fatted calf.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > uccidere

  • 18 Down

    1. n геогр. Даун
    2. n спуск, падение

    swooping down — нападающий; нападение

    walking down — спускающийся с; спуск с

    3. n неудача; крах
    4. n ухудшение; снижение, понижение

    coming down — снижающийся; снижение

    going down — снижающийся; снижение до

    5. n разг. пристрастие, неприязнь; нападки
    6. n амер. спорт. объявление мяча вне игры

    to clamp down on gambling — пресекать, азартные игры

    7. n разг. депрессант; успокаивающий наркотик,
    8. a направленный вниз; опущенный; спускающийся, нисходящий

    up, down and thwart — вверх, вниз и поперёк

    rip down — срывать, сдирать; сдёргивать вниз

    sweep down — падать камнем, устремляться вниз

    up and down arrows — стрелки "вверх" и "вниз"

    9. a идущий на убыль, падающий, ухудшающийся
    10. a идущий или связанный с движением от центра или из столицы
    11. a амер. идущий к центру города

    down line — путь для поездов, идущих к центру города

    12. a одноколейный
    13. a бездеятельный; нездоровый, прикованный к постели
    14. a упавший духом, впавший в уныние

    crack! down it came! — трах!, всё рухнуло!

    15. a амер. разг. наличный
    16. a полигр. пошедший в печать
    17. a эл. плохо заряженный; севший
    18. v разг. опускать, спускать; сбивать, сбрасывать
    19. v разг. спускаться, опускаться

    put down — опускать, класть

    let down — опускать, спускать

    draw down — спускать, опускать

    20. v разг. сбить или вынудить к посадке

    beat down — сбить; свалить с ног, столкнуть

    up or down arrow — стрелка "вверх" или "вниз"

    21. v разг. снижать; уменьшать
    22. v разг. глотать

    gulp down — проглатывать, глотать

    23. v разг. одолевать, подчинять; укрощать, усмирять

    knuckle down — уступать, подчиняться

    24. v разг. кончать, разделываться

    run down — останавливаться; кончаться

    25. v разг. набрасываться, нападать, накидываться на; атаковать

    down position — положение «на полу»

    fall down to — падать до; спускаться до

    dot down — кратко записывать; набрасывать

    26. n пушок; пух
    27. n начёс; ворс
    28. n безлесная возвышенность; невысокое обнажённое плато
    29. n известковые холмы
    30. n дюна
    31. n «даун»
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. ailing (adj.) ailing; ill; sick
    2. complete (adj.) complete; completed; concluded; done; ended; finished; terminated; through
    3. downcast (adj.) bad; blue; cast down; chapfallen; crestfallen; dejected; depressed; disconsolate; disheartened; dispirited; doleful; downcast; downhearted; down-in-the-mouth; downthrown; droopy; gloomy; heartsick; heartsore; heavy-hearted; hipped; low; low-spirited; melancholic; melancholy; mopey; sad; saddened; soul-sick; spiritless; sunk; unhappy; woebegone
    4. off (adj.) dull; off; slack; slow; sluggish; soft
    5. comedown (noun) comedown; descent; discomfiture
    6. dispirited (noun) blue; dejected; depressed; discouraged; disheartened; dispirited
    7. floss (noun) floss; flue; fluff; fur; fuzz; lint; pile
    8. fluffy feathers (noun) feathers; fluffy feathers; hair; insulation; wisp
    9. defeat (verb) best; defeat; outdo; worst
    10. fell (verb) bowl down; bowl over; bring down; chop down; cut down; deck; drop; fell; flatten; floor; ground; hit; knock down; knock out; knock over; level; mow down; prostrate; shoot down; tackle; throw down; trip; tumble
    11. kill (verb) carry off; cut off; destroy; dispatch; finish; kill; lay low; put away; scrag; slay; take off
    12. overcome (verb) conquer; hurdle; lick; master; overcome; surmount; throw
    13. overthrow (verb) overpower; overthrow; overturn; put down; seize; subdue; upset; vanquish
    14. take (verb) gulp; ingest; swallow; take
    15. below (other) below; depressed; floored; under; underneath
    16. completely (other) completely; fully; through-and-through
    17. from higher to lower (other) bottomward; declining; descending; downhill; downward; downwardly; downwards; forward; from higher to lower; headlong; lower; netherwards; to the floor; to the ground
    18. poor (other) below par; inferior; lowly; poor; sad; sick; worse
    19. seriously (other) actively; earnestly; for real; seriously
    Антонимический ряд:
    cheerful; disgorge; healthy

    English-Russian base dictionary > Down

  • 19 δαΐζω

    δαΐζω, [tense] aor. ἐδάϊξα (v. infr.):—[voice] Med. [tense] fut.
    A

    δαΐσονται Man.4.615

    :— [voice] Pass. (v. infr., cf. δαίω B):—poet. (Trag.in lyr.), cleave asunder,

    πάντα διεμοιρᾶτο δαΐζων Od.14.434

    ;

    χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι Il.2.416

    , cf. 7.247;

    δαΐζων ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ 24.393

    ;

    κάρανα δαΐξας A.Ch. 396

    .
    3 rend,

    χερσὶ κόμην ᾔσχυνε δαΐζων Il.18.27

     (so in [voice] Med. [tense] fut., Man.l.c.); δαΐζειν πόλιν destroy it utterly, A.Supp. 680, cf. Ch. 396.
    5 = δαινύναι (q. v.),

    θυσίας ἃς δαΐζοι ἁ πόλις IG7.207

     ([place name] Aegosthena). [δᾰ-; but

    δᾱ- Il.11.497

    , A.Ch. 396.] (Prob. δαϝίζω from Δα-ϝο-ς 'cut'; cf. δᾰ-τέομαι.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δαΐζω

  • 20 צרר I

    צָרַרI (b. h.; v. צוּר II) 1) to surround, wrap, tie up. Ḥull.VIII, 2 צוֹרֵר אדם בשרוכ׳ one may tie up meat and cheese in one sheet. Ber.23b צורר אדם תפיליווכ׳ a man may tie up his Tfillin with his money ; לא יָצוֹר he must not do so. Tosef.Shebi.I, 9 צורר he may bandage (a fig-tree when the bark is peeled off). Cant. R. to I, 7 אני צוֹרְרָהּ לך בכנפיך I (the Lord) will tie this up in thy lap (reverential expression for, my lap), i. e I shall remember and visit this act upon thee; a. fr.Part. pass. צָרוּר; f. צְרוּרָה Gen. R. s. 14 (ref. to ויצר, Zech. 12:1) מלמד שנפשו של אדם צ׳ בקרבווכ׳ this teaches that the soul of man is tied up within him (love of life is a natural instinct), or else, when trouble comes upon him, he would detach it and cast it away. Sabb.V, 2 יוצאות צְרוּרוֹת may be let out (on the Sabbath) with their udders tied up. R. Hash. 22b מאתים זוז צְרוּרִיןוכ׳ two hundred Zuz are tied up in my cloak; a. fr. 2) (neut. verb) ( to be narrow, to cause distress; Part. צַר; imperf. יֵצַר (with ל־, or sub. ל־) to be distressed; to worry. Gen. R. s. 76 (ref. to Gen. 32:8) ויירא … וַיֵּצֶר לווכ׳ he was afraid, lest he slay, he was distressed, lest he be slain; Tanḥ. Vayishl. 4. Yeb.63b אל תֵּצַר צרתוכ׳, v. צָרָה II; a. e. Hif. הֵיצֵר 1) to be distressed, worry, feel sorry. Pesik. R. s. 3 אע״פ שה׳ הקדיםוכ׳ although he (Joseph) grieved over it, yet he (Jacob) placed Ephraim before Menasseh. Ib. היה יוסף מֵיצֵרוכ׳ Joseph grieved over it exceedingly. R. Hash. II, 9 ומצאו … מיצר R. A. found him grieving; ib. 25a מי מיצרר״ע מיצרוכ׳ which of them was grieving? was it R. A. or R. Joshua? Ib. הלך … שהיא מיצר R. A. found R. J. in distress. Cant. R. to VIII, 6 יוצאי … מְצִירִין בהם travellers suffer through them (the rains; Yalk. Is. 333 מצערים); a. fr. 2) to distress, oppress, persecute. Lam. R. to I, 5 כל מי שבא לְהָצֵרוכ׳ whoever is designated to persecute Israel, is first made a chief; Gitt.56b כל המיצרוכ׳; Snh.104b. Mekh. Bshall. s. 5 כל המצָרִים (המְצָרִין) להםוכ׳ all that are to distress them in the future; a. fr. 3) to narrow, close. Y.Taan.III, 66d (ref. to Job 36:19) אם סדרתה … מֵיצַר פיך when thou orderest thy prayer, do not narrow thy mouth (be timid in thy demands), but ‘open thy mouth wide, and I shall fill it (Ps. 81:11). Yalk. Job 927 והֵצַרְתִּיו (not והצרתי) and I closed him up. Hof. הוּצָר to become distressing, be painful. Ruth R. to I, 7 הוּצָרָה עליהם הדרךוכ׳ travelling was painful to them, because they walked barefoot. Nif. נִצְרַר to be tied up, gathered. Sabb.107b נ׳ הדםאע״פוכ׳ if (in consequence of a blow) blood is gathered (and congealed), though no bleeding took place; Ḥull.46b. Y.Sabb.VII, 10c top; a. eGen. R. s. 46 משנ׳ דמו when mans blood is tied up (runs slowly, in advanced age); Yalk. ib. 80.

    Jewish literature > צרר I

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